BACKGROUND Meniscal root tears present in many forms and can have profound consequences on the health of knee articular cartilage. While the biomechanics, natural history, and treatment of root tears have been increasingly investigated, the spectrum of meniscal root tear patterns observed during arthroscopic examination has yet to be defined and categorized. PURPOSE To establish a classificat...

Introduction: The normal ACL consists of the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles, each having different functions. Recently, authors reported the first clinical procedure for ‘anatomic’ doublebundle ACL reconstruction, in which they defined this procedure as involving transplantation of the 2 tendon grafts at the center of the anatomic attachment of the AM and PL bundles, respecti...

Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon condition, and involvement of the shoulder is even more rare. We report on a 39-year-old female who presented with symptoms, radiographic features, and intraoperative findings consistent with multiple subacromial loose bodies resulting in a partial-thickness, bursal-sided rotator cuff tear of the supraspinatus muscle. She was treated with an arthroscopic r...

The Anterior Tibialis Tendon (ATT) is usually the site of minor injuries due to its straight course, however, overuse still possible repetitive foot dorsiflexion. This tendon crosses anteromedial aspect ankle running toward medial border under inferior and superior extensor retinacula inserts at level cuneiform base first metatarsal bone. It can be prone tendinosis, tenosynovitis, partial or co...

Non-specific tendovaginitis is a common cause of pain and disability, especially in relation to the wrist and ankle and to the proximal parts of the flexor sheaths of the fingers. Many papers have been written describing the condition in general and the features when particular tendon sheaths are involved, but few accounts have concerned the tendon of the tibialis posterior. Lapidus and Seidens...

The evaluation of a suspected rotator cuff tear should start with a history and a clinical exam of the shoulder (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on a systematic review of cohort studies). Three clinical test results in particular--supraspinatus weakness, weakness of external rotation, and impingement--or 2 positive tests for a patient older than 60 years were highly predictive of rot...

The concentration of ions, or osmolarity, in the tear film is a key variable in understanding dry eye symptoms and disease. In this manuscript, we derive a mathematical model that couples osmolarity (treated as a single solute) and fluid dynamics within the tear film on a 2D eye-shaped domain. The model includes the physical effects of evaporation, surface tension, viscosity, ocular surface wet...