The antlion optimizer (ALO) algorithm is used in this article for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a solar array. array consists single module, while there are 20 cells the module. voltage and current ratings each cell 2 V 2.5 A, making 100 W ideal condition. However, characteristics PV unable to achieve power. Therefore, ALO was MPPT. results compared with traditional metaheuristic appro...

Partial shading condition in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is an inevitable problem due to the behavior of high nonlinear and unpredictable characteristics different states. However, several scientific works research aimed find approximate expressive models this using modern methods techniques allow researchers effective solutions these critical situations. This paper aims obtain appropriate ...

The use of distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) algorithms is spreading because their higher efficiency in the case partial shading. possibility integrating photovoltaic (PV) modules a modular multilevel converter (MMC) connected to grid has been proposed recent literature with advantage DMPPT algorithms. In shading, circulating currents control necessary extract available and injec...

The output power of a photovoltaic (PV) system depends on the external solar irradiation and its own temperature. In order to obtain more power from the PV system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is necessary. However, when the PV is partially shaded, there will be multiple peaks in the power-current (P-I) curve. The conventional MPPT methods may be invalid due to falling into the local...

Most of the existing works view the shapefrom-shading problem as equivalent to a non-linear first-order partial differential equation in surface elevation. Recently, there is a new approach to this problem, namely the shape-from-shading using the heat equation. This paper reviews several works either using the first or the second approach. The previous approach is also implemented in solving th...

Phytochrome is thought to control the induction of leaf senescence directly, however, the signalling and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, an ecophysiological approach was used to establish a functional connection between phytochrome signalling and the physiological processes underlying the induction of leaf senescence in response to shade. With shade it is important to...

Partial shading of a PV installation has a disproportionate impact on its power production. This paper presents background and experimental results from a single string grid-tied PV system, operated under a variety of shading conditions. In this configuration a shadow can represent a reduction in power over 30 times its physical size. Results are presented relating size and positions of shading...

A solar photovoltaic distribution static compensator (SPV-DSTATCOM) under partial shading condition (PSC) is studied using a single-stage, 3-phase grid-connected mode. Under PSC, the performance of SPV-DSTATCOM and addressed issues such as active current sharing, reactive power control, harmonic elimination. Rejection DC offset with PSC an issue when conventional Proportional Resonant (PR) cont...

Solar photovoltaic (PV) is the cheapest renewable resource of electrical energy. Its dependence on connected load bounds its production capability. To deliver determined power, it required to operate at maximum power point (MPP) in characteristic curve PV array. Tracking MPP requires electronic circuits govern by tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The most simple, cheap, and softly implementable MPPT ...