The meta-analysis of Intangible Brain-Machine Interaction (IMMI) data with random number generators (RNG’s) (Bösch, 2006) is re-evaluated through the application of rigorous and recognised mathematical tools. The current analysis shows that the statistical average of the true RNG-IMMI data is not shifted from chance by direct mental intervention, thus refuting the IMMI hypothesis. A facet of th...

Numerical fractions are commonly used to express ratios and proportions (i.e., real numbers), but little is known about how they are mentally represented and processed by skilled adults. Four experiments employed comparison tasks to investigate the distance effect and the effect of the spatial numerical association of response codes (SNARC) for fractions. Results showed that fractions were proc...

The authors propose that people use 2 routes in justifying self-gratification: 1st through hard work or excellence (entitlement) and the 2nd through the attainment of vices without depleting income. This framework was tested using real tasks and choices adopted from prior research on self-control. The results indicate that (a) higher effort and (bogus) excellence feedback increase preferences f...