stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (pgt) is one of the destructive diseases of wheat in the world. the fungal pathogen can infect 365 different grass and more than 70 berberis species. dna sequences for the ribosomal rna internal transcribed spacer (its) have proven suitable to explore relationships at the species and subspecies levels. an isolate of pgt which was collected fr...

Schwarz, G. 1978. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Stat. 6:461–465. Semple, C., and M. Steel. 2003. Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Sober, E. 1988. Reconstructing the past—Parsimony, evolution, and inference. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sober, E. 2002. Reconstructing ancestral character states—A likelihood perspective on cladistic parsimony. The Monist 85:156– ...

Partial 18S rRNA sequences of five chelicerate arthropods plus a crustacean, myriapod, insect, chordate, echinoderm, annelid, and platyhelminth were compared. The sequence data were used to infer phylogeny by using a maximum-parsimony method, an evolutionary-distance method, and the evolutionary-parsimony method. The phylogenetic inferences generated by maximum-parsimony and distance methods su...

AFLPs (and to a lesser extent ISSRs and RAPDs) are increasingly being used for phylogenetic inference among closely related species. Presence/absence characters for each AFLP allele treat all absences as homologous to one another. With three or more alleles, terminals are grouped by their shared absence of alleles in character-based phylogenetic-inference methods in a manner that is not redunda...

We propose two approximate methods (one based on parsimony and one on pairwise sequence comparison) for estimating the pattern of nucleotide substitution and a parsimony-based method for estimating the gamma parameter for variable substitution rates among sites. The matrix of substitution rates that represents the substitution pattern can be recovered through its relationship with the observabl...

When constructing a cladogram from a data set a researcher will, as a matter of course, select the shortest possible branching diagram that will represent the data, thus minimizing the number of appearances of any character on the cladogram. This “parsimony program” is usually adopted without comment, but when arguments defending or questioning its use are put forward, they almost universally d...