A stereotaxic apparatus and technique for its implantation in diencephalic nuclei of Atlantic salmon parr of 20 to 30 g body weight is described. An atlas of nuclei in the diencephalon is also presented.

Muscle's contractile properties can vary along different trajectories, including between muscle fiber types, along the body (within a muscle fiber type), and between developmental stages. This study explores the role of the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC2) in modulating contractile properties in rainbow trout myotomal muscle. Rainbow trout show longitudinal variations in muscle activation a...

Theory suggests that habitat structure and population density profoundly influence the phenotypic development of animals. Here, we predicted that reduced rearing density and increased structural complexity promote food search ability, anti-predator response and the ability to forage on novel prey, all behavioural skills important for surviving in the wild. Brown trout were reared at three densi...

This paper studies the formation of the large dark patterns, known as parr marks, that form on the Amago trout as it grows from the early larval stages to adulthood. The Amago trout, known as Oncorhynchus masou ishikawa, exhibits stripes during the early stages of development that in turn evolve (through reorientation and peak insertion) to form zigzag spot patterns as the fish grows to adultho...

University for a number of helpful suggestions. The authors want to especially thank Gail Parr of the National Center for Health Statistics for constructing the restricted-use version of the Mortality Detail Data we use for this project.

We derive the form for an exact exchange energy density for a density decaying with Gaussian-like behavior at long range. Based on this, we develop the X3LYP (extended hybrid functional combined with Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional) extended functional for density functional theory to significantly improve the accuracy for hydrogen-bonded and van der Waals complexes while also improving th...