Nulliparity is an established breast cancer risk factor, particularly when compared with parity at young ages. The authors aggregated data from 4 US prospective studies (1979-2006) including 32,641 nulliparous (1,612 breast cancers) and 204,270 parous (8,180 breast cancers) women to examine the hypothesis that nulliparity may increase susceptibility to established postmenopausal breast cancer r...

We have postulated that the lifetime protective effect of an early pregnancy against breast cancer is due to the complete differentiation of the mammary gland characterized by a specific genomic signature imprinted by the physiological process of pregnancy. For demonstrating this hypothesis we compared the genomic profile of the epithelium and the stroma of normal breast tissues from reduction ...

Adenomyosis is a gynaecological condition which due to the ingrowth of endometrium directly into myometrium. It primarily occurs in age group 35 years parous women. associated with menorrhagia (70%), pelvic endometriosis (40%), and dysmenorrhoea. These are chief complaints. And this requires surgical intervention attain cure, whereas homoeopathic Materia Medica consists remedies help treating w...

The ‘challenge hypothesis’ posits that variation in male testosterone levels is more closely associated with aggression in reproductive contexts than it is with changes in reproductive physiology. Numerous bird studies support this idea, but few tests have been conducted with primates. We conducted behavioural observations and noninvasive hormone sampling of 11 male chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes...

Purpose: Breastfeeding alters the breast microenvironment, and several lines of evidence suggest the breast microenvironment contributes to the clinical phenotype of inflammatory breast cancer. We investigated breastfeeding history as a modifier of locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) in parous women with inflammatory bre...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Early parity reduces breast cancer risk, whereas, late parity and nulliparity increase breast cancer risk. Despite substantial efforts to understand the protective effects of early parity, the precise molecular circuitry responsible for these changes is not yet fully defined. METHODS Here, we have conducted the first study assessing protein expression profiles in normal breast...

OBJECTIVE To assess the distribution of cerebral white matter lesions in women who had eclampsia, preeclampsia, or normotensive pregnancies. The pathophysiology of these lesions, more often seen in formerly eclamptic and preeclamptic women, is unclear but may be related to a predisposition for vascular disease, the occurrence of the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, or both while pr...

Adoption, a particular type of alloparental care in which primary caretaking of an infant is transferred to a previously unrelated adult, has been shown to increase the likelihood of infant survival. Alloparental care and adoption behavior have been analyzed in over 120 mammalian and 150 avian species and have been especially observed in 'K-selected' species, defined by long periods of developm...

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate whether lactation duration is associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in midlife, parous women. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional cohort analysis of 2516 parous, midlife women using multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent association of lactation and lactation duration on prevalence of Me...