OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To provide an extended and treatment-oriented classification of parotid duct stenosis that might be useful in the management of this condition. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study in a tertiary referral center. METHODS A total of 550 symptomatic stenoses of the parotid gland excretory duct in 445 patients were analyzed. Sialendoscopy was performed with semirigid endoscope...

temporal bones. The orbit consists of the maxilla, zygoma, frontal, sphenoid, orbital, and lacrimal bones (Fig. 76.1). The face is conventionally divided into thirds: upper, middle, and lower. The borders of each third are loosely defined by branches of the trigeminal nerve, which provides sensory innervation to the face. Identification of the exiting foramen for the distributing branches of th...

There have been studies concerning the protection of the facial nerve during plastic surgery intended for the parotid gland. The close relationship between the parotid duct and the buccal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve is studied here. The dissections were performed on 10 fixed cadavers at the Anatomy Dissection Laboratory of Ankara University in 2004. The reference points used for ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To investigate epidemiological features and symptoms of sialolithiasis and their implications for diagnosis and management. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Retrospective analysis on 2,322 patients with sialolithiasis, between 1987 and 2009. The statistical significance between two sample distributions was computed using analysis of variance Student t t...

INTRODUCTION Stensen's duct injuries are uncommon but troublesome sequelae of facial surgery or other external traumas. AIM To investigate the feasibility of sialendoscopic control of Stensen's duct in iatrogenic injuries and the efficiency of botulinum toxin adjuvant therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2008 and 2010, 5 patients with parotid sialoceles or fistulas, infrequent complications aft...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Dilation of the salivary gland papilla for access is well-recognized as one of the major rate-limiting steps to sialendoscopy and has been shown to be a major challenge for beginners. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that an algorithm involving multiple techniques for salivary duct access in sialendoscopy results in excellent success rates and acceptable operat...

BACKGROUND Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor) is one of the most common salivary gland tumors. However, the processes involved in its carcinogenesis are not well defined. This study aimed to define the contribution of Nfr2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) to pleomorphic adenoma pathology. The Nrf2-controlled gene system is one of the most critical cytoprotective mechanisms, p...

The present work includes morphological and radiological studies of the salivary gland , saliva is the mixed secretion of these gland the secretion of saliva in ruminants is continuous ,it has been moistest oral mucosa, provide medium for dissolved food and control bacterial flora of the oral cavity , the aim of present work to report more detailed information about the salivary gland and duct ...

BACKGROUND Shear wave elastography (SWE) is widely used in breast, liver, prostate and thyroid evaluations. Elastography provides additional information if used to assess parotid gland pathology. We assessed parotid glands by means of SWE to compare the parenchyma properties in different types of inflammation. MATERIAL/METHODS Prospective analysis included 78 consecutive patients with parotid...