BACKGROUND We hypothesized that postural instability and cognitive decline in patients with Richardson’s syndrome could be a consequence of reduced thalamic and frontal metabolism. Severe Parkinsonian signs in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism may be reflected by alterations in putaminal metabolism. METHODS Eleven patients with Richardson’s syndrome, 8 patients with pr...

In 1917, Von Economo described a disease named "Encephalitis Lethargica" which affected a large number of patients across the world in an epidemic between 1916 and 1927. It's spread paralleled with the spread of the pandemic influenza, but Von Economo and the contemporary authors did not believe it to be a post-influenzal sequela. Now parkinsonism is a well-known complication of acute infectiou...

Parkinsonism refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by a variable combination of tremor, bradykinesia or akinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. In general, two of these four features must be present to make a diagnosis of parkinsonism. However, the situation is complicated by rare cases of pure akinesia in the absence of tremor and rigidity that have the classic pathology of Parkins...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To describe parkinsonism as a clinical manifestation of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. METHODS We report 5 patients carrying the R1006C mutation in the exon 19 of NOTCH3 gene. All cases presented late onset, slowly progressive parkinsonism, not responsive to l-dopa. We performed brain MRI and (123)I-FP-CIT SPE...

Differentiation of idiopathic Parkinson's disease from other causes of Parkinsonism, such as Multiple System Atrophy, Progressive Supranuclar Palsy and Vascular Parkinsonism can be difficult. Clinicopathological studies suggest that the clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease is 76% reliable. Also, clinical differentiation of tremor prominent Parkinsonism from Essential Tremor or D...

Adolf Hitler had Parkinson symptoms in 1934, at age 45 years. He may have had transient symptoms in 1923, at age 34 years. Young-onset parkinsonism, during the 1920s, favored a diagnosis of post-encephalitic rather than idiopathic parkinsonism. Hitler had oculogyric crises, phenomena only associated with post-encephalitic parkinsonism. In addition, he had dystonic facial spasms, palilalia and a...

BACKGROUND Drug-induced parkinsonism is a well-known complication of several different drugs--the most common being neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. However, very few autopsies have been reported in such cases. METHODS Patients assessed at Movement Disorders Clinic Saskatchewan are offered brain autopsy. Detailed clinical records are kept. RESULTS Brains were obtained from 7 drug-induced p...

INTRODUCTION Drug-induced parkinsonism is a major type of parkinsonism in our setting. Symptoms usually disappear after discontinuation of the drug. However, they may persist in patients with a variant known as subclinical drug-exacerbated parkinsonism; early identification of this entity has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The most widely used complementary test in this diag...

BACKGROUND Differentiating Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism on clinical parameters is challenging, especially in early disease courses. This is due to large overlap in symptoms and because the so called red flags, i.e. symptoms indicating atypical parkinsonism, have not (fully) developed. Brain MRI can aid to improve the accuracy and confidence about the diagnosis. OBJECTIVE AND ...

background: multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease  that affects  the  central  nervous system. except tremor, other movement disorders such as parkinsonism are less frequent  in ms. however, some investigations  have shown inflammatory and autoimmune aspects of parkinson’s disease. in this study, we report eight new cases of ms who present parkinson’s disease. methods:  ...