Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is a clinically well known condition. However, its diagnosis is often difficult. We present four cases of PIN, seen in our department. Various histological patterns ranging from PIN I to PIN III were noted in these cases.

The purpose of this study was to test and compare external fixator construct stiffness using pin-to-bar clamps or multipin clamps across 2 external fixation systems. Constructs were tested with 8-mm and 11-mm-diameter bar systems and pin-to-bar or multipin clamps. Three construct designs were tested: construct 1 with a single crossbar and pin-to-bar clamps, construct 2 with 2 crossbars and pin-...

Pin-tract infection (PTI) is the most commonly expected problem, or even an almost inevitable complication, when using external fixation. Left unteated, PTI will progress unavoidably, lead to mechanical pin loosening, and ultimately cause instability of the external fixator pin-bone construct. Thus, PTI remains a clinical challenge, specifically in cases of limb lengthening or deformity correct...

T-S. Tay and W. Whiteley independently characterized the multigraphs which can be realized as an infinitesimally rigid d-dimensional body-and-hinge framework. In 1984 they jointly conjectured that each graph in this family can be realized as an infinitesimally rigid framework with the additional property that the hinges incident to each body lie in a common hyperplane. This conjecture has becom...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the biological properties of High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in relation to normal tissue and carcinoma lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and FISH were performed on 23 formalin-fixed radical prostatectomy specimens taken from patients with PIN. A...

Three dimensional packaging is becoming a popular concept because of the numerous advantages it has to offer over the existing conventional technologies such as PCB and MCM. System on Packages (SOP) is an example of three dimensional packaging. In this paper, we present the channel and pin assignment algorithms for 3D packaging routing. There exist multiple floorplan, routing, and pin distribut...

In this work, improved heat generation models are developed for straight and tapered shoulder geometries with different tool pin profiles in friction stir welding. The models are developed considering the welding process as a combination of the pure sliding and the pure sticking conditions. From the results, the amount of heat generation is directly proportional to the number of edges in the pi...

In this work, effects of different tool pin profiles of flat and tapered shoulder geometries on the peak temperature in friction stir welding are investigated analytically. The developed models used for the analytical investigations considered the welding process as a combination or mixture of the pure sliding and the pure sticking. From the results, the amount of heat generation and the peak t...

The plant hormone auxin is a conserved regulator of development which has been implicated in the generation of morphological novelty. PIN-FORMED1 (PIN) auxin efflux carriers are central to auxin function by regulating its distribution. PIN family members have divergent structures and cellular localizations, but the origin and evolutionary significance of this variation is unresolved. To charact...

The PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins are plasma-membrane-associated facilitators of auxin transport. They are often targeted to one side of the cell only through subcellular mechanisms that remain largely unknown. Here, we have studied the potential roles of the cytoskeleton and endomembrane system in the localisation of PIN proteins. Immunocytochemistry and image analysis on root cells from Arabidops...