The Late Miocene development of faunas and environments in western Eurasia is well known, but the climatic and environmental processes that controlled its details are incompletely understood. Here we map the rise and fall of the classic Pikermian fossil mammal chronofauna between 12 and 4.2 Ma, using genus-level faunal similarity between localities. To directly relate land mammal community evol...

The Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral Seas, remnants of the intracontinental Paratethys basin, are home to a spectacular diversity of crustaceans. This study examines the past history of the Ponto-Caspian fauna through comparative phylogeographical studies on both benthic and planktonic taxa, based on an examination of nucleotide diversity in the mitochondrial, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) ...

The sulfate isotope record of marine sedimentary through time has been used successfully to determine global variations in the composition seawater sulfate. sulfur reflect changes cycle and are also closely related atmospheric oxygen cycles. However, data for Paleocene very sparse stratigraphic evolution is poorly constrained due small number samples analyzed. Yarkand Basin, as a northeastern p...

A total of 205 COI sequences and 310 cyt b the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from basins all seas throughout vast range this species were analyzed. Median networks haplotypes constructed in study, combined with results reconstruction paleogeographic conditions, led to conclusion that emerged as a Pacific Ocean basin spread Europe south, populating system water bodies existed O...