Environmental disturbances and their consequences require constant studies to understand how communities ecological relationships respond these processes. Through analysis of the host-parasite relationships, it is observed that effect variable can change physiology or behavior organisms. Black spot disease, caused by endoparasitic helminths, a pathology in natural environments, however, there n...

Cryptosporidium spp. cause diarrheal disease worldwide. Innate immune responses mediating resistance to this parasite are not completely understood. To determine whether MyD88-dependent pathways play a role in resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum, we compared the course of infection in MyD88(-/-) mice to that in their wild-type (WT) littermate controls. Three- to 4-week-old mice were infected w...

Males are generally more susceptible to parasite infection than females. This sex difference may reflect the suppressive effects of testosterone and enhancing effects of estradiol on immune function. This study characterized the role of circulating steroid hormones in sex differences after infection with the nematode Trichinella spiralis. Because testosterone suppresses immune function and beca...

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as a network of extracellular fibers composed by DNA, histones and various proteins/enzymes. Studies have demonstrated that NETs could be responsible for the trapping and elimination of a variety of infectious agents. In order to verify the presence of NETs in American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) and their relationship with the prese...

BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is still a critical issue in the management of leishmaniasis. Until recently, pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B or pentamidine compounded the classical arsenal of treatment. All these drugs are toxic and have to be administered by the parenteral route. Tamoxifen has been used as an antiestrogen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer for many years. Its sa...

The ratio of Octomyomermis muspratti to the host mosquito at the time of exposure had little effect on the ratio of male to female parasites that resulted. However, the ratio of males to females increased as the number of parasites/host increased. Hosts with a single nematode produced fewer than 1% males in comparison with hosts with 8 parasites which produced about 40% males; hosts with 10 or ...

objective(s) studies have described immunomedulatory effects of sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation on infectious and neoplastic diseases. here the effect of exposure to low potency radiation of sun on the course of leishmaniasis in mice was studied. materials and methods fifteen balb/c mice were exposed to suberythemogenic doses of sun (mean 180 mj/cm2/day of uvb) 2 months before and 4 mont...

Malaria remains a health and economic burden, particularly in marginalized populations worldwide. The current strategies for combating malaria rely on eliminating the mosquito vector, using insecticide-treated nets, other management policies or through administration of small molecule drugs to perturb intra-erythrocytic development parasite. However, resistance against commonly used such as art...

In the study conducted to determine prevalence of placental malaria burden in Anambra State, Nigeria, venous and placenta blood samples were collected from 254 pregnant women screened a cross-sectional hospital – based survey. Malaria parasitaemia was diagnosed by microscopy while anaemia defined as haemoglobin concentration <12g/l. species typed using thin film parasite morphology count. Of...