I n addition to labor force and capital, energy plays a significant role in the production of commodities and services. Energy is the driving force of production activities. Therefore, it is an essential ingredient of growth and development. Results obtained from this paper show that the growth of oil products consumption has a positive effect on economic development via two channels: Firstly,...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Unrecorded alcohol constitutes about 30% of all alcohol consumed globally. The aims of this systematic review were to determine the epidemiology (occurrence, types, prevalence) of unrecorded alcohol consumption in different countries/regions, analyse the chemical composition of unrecorded alcohol and examine health outcomes caused by the consumption of unrecorded alcohol, ba...

The use of the Cartesian diver as a micromanometer was first described by Linderstrem-Lang (1937). Boell, Needham & Rogers (1939) adapted the method to the measurement of the respiration of fragments of amphibian embryos and, in this and subsequent papers, many details of technique were worked out (see Needham, Rogers & Shen Shih-Chang, 1939). Boell, with other collaborators, has used the techn...

Purpose Recent papers suggest that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are prone to alcohol misuse. This may be due to the combination of a lifelong and disabling disease with a psychiatric profile typical of MS. The objective of the present study was to assess these findings in a culturally different population of patients with MS.Method The present case-control transversal study assessed 16...

In the United States, the American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population has the highest motor vehicle death rate, which is significantly greater than that of any other race or ethnic group. To better understand why this significant disparity exists and how to eliminate it, the authors conducted a systematic review of the published scientific literature. Included studies were published be...

Recent recommendations in regard to the level of alcohol intake have mainly been based on epidemiologic studies which relied on self-reported amounts of alcohol consumed. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the quality of self-reported measures of alcohol intake. Alcohol intake assessment methods were reviewed with respect to their capacity to rank individuals according to alcohol intake ...

It is just 10 years since the Society devoted two full meetings to the subject of budgetary and dietary surveys. In the intervening period a further full meeting has been held in Dublin for the purpose of discussing the Irish National Nutrition Survey. But this is the first occasion on which it has been possible to present to the Society a connected series of papers covering various aspects of ...

Obesity in childhood carries a wide range of physical, psychological and social disbenefits and also increases the risk of adult obesity with its well-recognised, enhanced risk of several common complex diseases as well as adverse socioeconomic and psychosocial sequelae. Understanding the tracking of the two key modifiable behaviours, food consumption and physical activity, between childhood an...

AIMS Despite recognition of the harms related to alcohol misuse and its potential to interfere substantially with sustained recovery from drug dependency, research evaluating drug treatment outcomes has not addressed the issue comprehensively. It has been overlooked possibly because treatment research has been framed according to the primary drug of choice, rather than investigating the interac...