The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (PAEA) fundamentally altered the U.S. Postal Service by introducing enhanced pricing flexibility, profit incentives, and potential antitrust liability. PAEA also mandated a change from breakeven, cost-of-service regulation where revenues must equal costs over time to price cap regulation. The Postal Service can now introduce new or modify ex...

The youngest (last 1500 years) volcanic eruptions of Lipari, within the Aeolian Archipelago, produced prominent pumice cone Monte Pilato and obsidian lava flows Rocche Rosse Forgia Vecchia, concentrated in north-eastern sector island as well highly dispersed white-coloured, fine-grained tephra layers rhyolitic composition terrestrial marine settings on regional scale. Here we describe detail st...

Despite core banking, banks also engage in off-balance-sheet (OBS) market activities. In many developed banking industries, OBS activities have grown to be significant during the last two decades. This paper provides rather scarce evidence on competitiveness among for and its impact degree of sector competition Sri Lanka. Panzar-Ross H statistic approach employing this study estimate bank used ...

In Section I, Dr. Peter Hillmen outlines the recent findings in the pathogenesis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), relating the biochemical defect (the lack of glycosylphosphatidylinositol [GPI]-linked proteins on the cell surface) to the clinical manifestations, particularly hemolysis (and its effects) and thrombosis. He discusses the pathogenesis of the disorder in the face of mar...

Cellular phone carriers typically offer complicated nonlinear tariffs. Consumers make a discrete choice among several rate plans. Each plan has a nonlinear price schedule, and price is usually lower for in-network calls. I present an empirical framework to estimate demand under such nonlinear pricing schemes by using parsimonious data and apply the estimation method to analyze the cellular phon...

A classic problem in economics is the impact of taxation on market outcomes. Taxes drive a wedge between producer and consumer prices, thereby distorting prices and quantities in a market. In the archetypal case, attention focuses on one homogeneous good. However, in many oligopolistic industries, tax policy may asymmetrically impact goods which are imperfectly substitutable. In such a situatio...

Standard approaches to estimating the cost of capital are vulnerable to two errors when applied to sunk assets subject to economic regulation. First, investors in sunk assets usually have a valuable ability to delay commitment which is therefore an opportunity cost of investment. Second, economic regulation alters the distribution of returns to capital, and may do so in a way that eliminates pr...

This paper discusses the design of an optimal, time{consistent tari to protect an infant{industry in the presence of learning e ects. Firms decide how much to produce, taking into account learning e ects induced by their current production and the tari policy, while the government decides on the level of tari protection. In order to ensure time consistency we solve the symmetric case without sp...