In this paper, a synthesis of the recently advanced Lagrange multiplier (LM)-based tests for the null of no cointegration which account for different patterns of breaks in the cointegrating relationship is provided. The limiting distributions of the test statistics are not only invariant to an intercept break and a break in the cointegrating vector, but are also invariant to a trend break in a ...

This paper applies econometric models to investigate determinants of electrical energy Ž . consumption in post-war Lebanon. The impact of the Gross Domestic Product GDP , Ž . Ž . proxied by total imports TI , and degree days DD on electricity consumption is investigated over different time spans covering the period from 1993 to 1997. The time spans are chosen according to the rationing level of...

At present the USA is in per capita terms the top greenhouse gas polluter among the world’s major economies. This is mirrored by the high energy intensity of all sectors of the US economy including manufacturing industries. A potential explanation for the higher energy intensity are lower US energy price levels. However, common price elasticity estimates are not high enough to explain the obser...

This paper studies asymptotic and finite sample properties of statistics devised to test for the null of no cointegration in nonstationary pooled time series panels as both the cross section and time series dimensions grow large. The paper finds that for panels with homogenous long run parameters, the spurious regression coefficient estimates become consistent even under the null of no cointegr...

This paper examines the e↵ects of liquidity on the demand for imports of non-durable consumers’ goods in Trinidad and Tobago. A parsimonious vector equilibrium correction model (VEqCM) is used to test the hypotheses that liquidity has both longand short-run e↵ects. The multivariate cointegration approach of Johansen and Juselius (1990) is used to determine long-run relations and general to spec...

This study examines the relationship between healthcare expenditure and disposable income in the 50 US states over the period 1966-2009 using fractional integration and cointegration techniques. The degree of integration and nonlinearity of both series are found to vary considerably across states, whilst the fractional cointegration analysis suggests that a long-run relationship exists between ...

We explain why China is a “chaotic” or “strange” attractor of FDI. It is an “attractor” because its FDI inflows increased steadily even though the world FDI inflows have decreased considerably in recent years. It is indeed “strange,” since its rates of FDI return are below the world average and predictions of its economic collapse are abundant. We find that Hong Kong and Taiwan are predominant ...

This paper presents and applies some results on the interpretation of cointegrating regressions. The key concept is the irreducible cointegrating (IC) relation, one from which no variable can be omitted without loss of the cointegration property. Extending earlier results, it is shown that under certain circumstances, IC relations are identified structural forms. It is possible, at least in pri...

In this paper we use new statistical methods to examine the connection between economic expectations and support for the government in the U.S.A. For this purpose, we analyse the order of integration for Congressional Approval and Economic Expectations from a fractional point of view. The results show that though both individual series can be specified in terms of fractional processes, the unit...

In recent years, aiming to reduce the Greenhouse Gas pollution and promote energy efficiency and conservation among consumers’ energy use, price policies and price changes derived from environmental regulations have played a more important role. In this paper, using the most recent annual state-level panel data for 48 states, I estimate a dynamic partial adjustment model for electricity demand ...