This paper outlines an interdisciplinary project on recent environmental change and atmospheric contamination on the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard (76o30'N – 80o30'N). It describes the rationale and aims of the project and summarises the location, climate, geology, vegetation, and land-use of Svalbard. Introduction The Arctic constitutes a unique and important environment with a significa...

人类活动的加强导致湖泊生态系统发生“突变”，造成生物多样性下降、藻类暴发、水质恶化等等环境和生态问题.中国许多湖泊已经发生“突变”或面临着突变风险.获悉湖泊生态系统发生突变的时空差异对于区域湖泊的保护，预防湖泊突变的发生以及制定合适的修复策略至关重要.本研究收集了中国55个不同区域湖泊的古湖沼学数据，探讨了湖泊突变的区域特点.研究确定了湖泊生态系统发生突变时间和区域差异，并揭示了空间差异的原因.结果表明，中国湖泊生态系统突变时间的区域分异特征为：长江中下游湖泊最早出现突变；东部和东北湖区湖泊突变时间明显早于西南、内蒙古和新疆湖泊；各湖区内，城郊湖泊突变时间早于乡村湖泊.人类活动强度是造成湖泊突变时空差异的主要驱动力.研究认为，区域人类活动强度影响了湖泊生态系统的演化进程，造成了中国湖泊生态系统突变的区域差异.本研究从生态系统突变的角度，利用古湖沼学综述了中国湖泊生态系统在人类活动下的...

Exotic species invasions and climatic variation that occurred in north central Wisconsin provided the opportunity to contrast influences of climate and invasive species in shaping fish community dynamics in five Wisconsin lakes from 1981 to 2001. Year (passage of time) was positively correlated (r . 0.9) with invasive species. Year, invasive species, and climatic variables were the principal de...

T he extraction and processing of Canada’s massive oil sands in the Athabasca region of northern Alberta have been marked by an ongoing controversy about the nature and extent of associated environmental impacts. Impacts include habitat destruction and fragmentation by surface mining and tailings disposal, depletion of water resources, greenhouse gas and chemical emissions, and the impacts of e...

Based on oxygen (O2), pH, calcium (Ca2+), and carbonate (CO 22 3 ) sediment pore-water concentration profiles, we compare the benthic dissolution of autochthonous calcite in oligotrophic Lake Lucerne and eutrophic Lake Sempach. Despite their difference in trophic state, the two lakes have similar benthic O2 regimes because L. Sempach is artificially oxygenated. This peculiarity enabled the stud...

Stable isotope and pollen analyses of a sediment core from Deep Lake, Minnesota, provide new information on the climatic effects of glacial Lake Agassiz in Minnesota and insights into the cause of the prominent Picea recurrence during the Younger Dryas in the southern Great Lakes region. Bulk-carbonate δ18O exhibited large fluctuations between 12.0 and 9.1 ka (dates are in calendar years throug...

On 04 March 2021, the world lost its freshwater colossus—a man who led development of Limnology from an esoteric academic discipline in 1950s to keystone environmental science 50 yr later. His masterful blend natural history, ecosystem experimentation, biogeochemistry, and advocacy fundamentally changed our world. It is unlikely we will see another so profoundly shape understanding inland water...

We outline, in chronological sequence, the events and findings over 25 years that have shaped our understanding of Didymosphenia geminate (Lyngbye) M. Schmidt blooms. Starting with the first appearance of D. geminata mats in streams on Vancouver Island in the late 1980s and followed years later by blooms in Iceland, South Dakota and Poland, D. geminata blooms were enigmatic for nearly 20 years....