Epidemiological studies show that, worldwide, the number of people aged over 65 will increase substantially in the next decades and that a considerable proportion of this population will develop dementia. Ample evidence shows that ageing is associated with a high rate of painful conditions, irrespective of cognitive status. The number of patients with dementia who will experience painful condit...

BACKGROUND The initial diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy depends on physical examination, ultrasound, and serial measurements of total β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) concentrations in serum. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using quantitative analysis of total hCGβ in urine rather than in serum by immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay as an alternative metho...

brucellosis is a rare cause of acute acalculous cholecystitis.  we report a 45-year-old, previously healthy, man with brucellosis who presented with abdominal pain due to cholecystitis.

thisis a case report of a 24-year-old man who presented with increased pain and firm swelling of the right foot after a minor twisting injury. radiography, computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings showed ancillary information that was helpful for surgical treatment. the final diagnosis was confirmed aschondroblastoma of the navicular bone based on the pathology rep...

BACKGROUND Paramedics are often a first point of contact for people experiencing pain in the community. Wherever possible the patient's self report of pain should be sought to guide the assessment and management of this complaint. Communication difficulty or disability such as cognitive impairment associated with dementia may limit the patient's ability to report their pain experience, and this...

BACKGROUND While most recommended pain management practices have been developed for hospitalised patients, little is known about their relevance for ambulatory patients presenting with acute pain. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored the relationship between patients' reported use of recommended pain management practices and pain relief in outpatients. METHOD 703 adult patients who presente...

Opioids continue to be first-line pharmacotherapy for patients suffering from cancer pain. Unfortunately, subtherapeutic dosage prescribing of pain medications remains common, and many cancer patients continue to suffer and experience diminished quality of life. A large variety of therapeutic options are available for cancer pain patients. Analgesic pharmacotherapy is based on the patient's sel...

Diagnostic challenges in an atypical chest pain, Tietze’s syndrome: a case report Northeast of Iran

spinal epidural lipomatosis is a rare condition which is described as the accumulation of fat in the extradural territory and often causes dural impingement. spinal epidural lipomatosis has been implicated in causing a variety of neurologic impairments ranging from back pain, radiculopathy, claudication, myelopathy or even cauda equina syndrome. we report a 46-year-old female with obesity and a...