The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein precursor, Pr55Gag, contains at its C-terminal end a proline-rich, 6-kDa domain designated p6. Two functions have been proposed for p6: incorporation of the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr into virus particles and virus particle production. To characterize the role of p6 in the HIV-1 life cycle and to map functional domains within p6, we i...

BACKGROUND A combination of the LISS/Coombs and enzyme methods is recommended for identifying unexpected antibodies. However, many laboratories in which tests are to be performed within the limits of medical fees covered by insurance, use only the LISS/Coombs method because the permissible medical fee is low as compared to the price of reagents required for both methods. The NaCl/Enzyme gel is ...

The Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) open reading frame VI product (P6) is essential for the viral infection cycle. It controls translation reinitiation of the viral polycistronic RNAs and forms cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (viroplasms) where virus replication and assembly occur. In this study, the mechanism involved in viroplasm formation was investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Fa...

The P6 protein of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) transactivates translation of the CaMV 35S polycistronic pregenomic RNA and its spliced versions, and thus allows synthesis of a complete set of viral proteins. Previous studies have shown that P6 interacts with plant L18 and L24 ribosomal proteins and initiation factor eIF3, and it has been proposed that these interactions are involved in the r...

There is a significantly higher risk for type II diabetes in HIV-1 carriers, albeit the molecular mechanism for this HIV-related pathology remains enigmatic. The 52 amino acid HIV-1 p6 Gag protein is synthesized as the C-terminal part of the Gag polyprotein Pr55. In this context, p6 promotes virus release by its two late (L-) domains, and facilitates the incorporation of the viral accessory pro...

We consider interconnections of locally input-to-state stable (LISS) systems. The class of LISS systems is quite large, in particular it contains input-to-state stable (ISS) and integral input-to-state stable (iISS) systems. Local small-gain conditions both for LISS trajectory and Lyapunov formulations guaranteeing LISS of the composite system are provided in this paper. Notably, estimates for ...

The p6 domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag polyprotein mediates virion budding from infected cells via protein-protein contacts with the class E vacuolar protein sorting factors, Tsg101 and AIP1/ALIX. Interaction with Tsg101 is strengthened by covalent attachment of monovalent ubiquitin to HIV-1 p6. To identify additional host factors that bind to HIV-1 p6, a human cDN...

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) encodes a multifunctional protein P6 that is required for translation of the 35S RNA and also acts as a suppressor of RNA silencing. Here we demonstrate that P6 additionally acts as a pathogenicity effector of an unique and novel type, modifying NPR1 (a key regulator of salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling) and inhibiting SA-dependent d...