background: excellence and quality models are comprehensive methods for improving the quality of healthcare. the aim of this study was to design excellence and quality model for training centers of primary health care using delphi method. methods: in this study, delphi method was used. first, comprehensive information were collected using literature review. in extracted references, 39 models we...

Transaction banking is changing in a fast pace due to digitalization, changes in regulation, new competition in the market etc. This acronym VUCA describes this environment; Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity. Due to changes in technology, politics and economics strategic renewal is critical to ensure long term survival. Middle managers play a vital role within strategic renewal ...

Leadership scholars have called for additional research on leadership skill requirements and how those requirements vary by organizational level. In this study, leadership skill requirements are conceptualized as being layered (strata) and segmented (plex), and are thus described using a strataplex. Based on previous conceptualizations, this study proposes a model made up of four categories of ...