Ultraviolet-ozone-treated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)was used as the anode buffer layer in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/fullerene-based solar cells. The power conversion efficiency of the cells with appropriated UV-ozone treatment was found to increase about 20% compared to the reference cell. The improved performance is attributed to the increased work ...

Exceptional patterns in the diurnal course of ozone mixing ratio at a mountain top site (998 m a.s.l.) were observed during a field experiment (September 2005). They manifested themselves as strong and sudden decreases of ozone mixing ratio with a subsequent return to previous levels. The evaluation of corresponding long-term time series (2000–2005) revealed that such events occur mainly during...

Active bromine released from the photochemical decomposition of biogenic very short-lived bromocarbons (VSLBr) enhances stratospheric ozone depletion. Based on a dual set of 1960–2100 coupled chemistry–climate simulations (i.e. with and without VSLBr), we show that the maximum Antarctic ozone hole depletion increases by up to 14 % when natural VSLBr are considered, which is in better agreement ...

The coupling of chemistry with atmospheric transport processes provides a mechanism for local and regional pollution from heavily populated continental regions to influence tropospheric composition at hemispheric and global scales. In this study we use the FRSGC/UCI 3-D chemical transport model to quantify the impact of ozone precursors from anthropogenic sources in the United States, Europe an...

The 1996 Paso del Norte Ozone Study and subsequent data analyses were implemented to develop an understanding of the chemical and physical processes which lead to high concentrations of ozone in the Paso del Norte study area which includes El Paso County, Texas, Sunland Park, New Mexico, and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Both the data and data analysis results are being used to support photochemical g...

Refrigerants that are used in refrigeration systems, cause environmental difficulties such as depletion of ozone layer and greenhouse effect. Thus, we must find substitutes for such refrigerants, in this paper, the effect of refrigerant on the thermodynamics performance of refrigeration cycles are studied. To do this, a refrigerator that has designed for R12, is simulated. Results show that pur...

Refrigerants that are used in refrigeration systems, cause environmental difficulties such as depletion of ozone layer and greenhouse effect. Thus, we must find substitutes for such refrigerants, in this paper, the effect of refrigerant on the thermodynamics performance of refrigeration cycles are studied. To do this, a refrigerator that has designed for R12, is simulated. Results show that pur...

1 Roughly 90% of atmospheric ozone is found in the lower stratosphere in the ozone layer. Since about the 1970s, anthropogenic emissions of ozone-depleting gases have led to depletion of ~3–4% of the total overhead ozone averaged over the globe1. The strongest depletion is found over Antarctica during spring, when photochemical processes combine with a unique set of meteorological conditions to...

The substantial springtime loss in ozone amount in the lower Antarctic polar stratosphere has prompted extensive studies of ozone depletion over the last two decades (World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 1992, 1995, 1999). Due to the important role ozone plays in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation, the ozone decline in mid-latitudes and dramatic ozone depletion over Antarctica may have ...

refrigerants that are used in refrigeration systems, cause environmental difficulties such as depletion of ozone layer and greenhouse effect. thus, we must find substitutes for such refrigerants, in this paper, the effect of refrigerant on the thermodynamics performance of refrigeration cycles are studied. to do this, a refrigerator that has designed for r12, is simulated. results show that pur...