The fact that “natural” theories, i.e. theories which have something like an “idea” to them, are almost always linearly ordered with regard to logical strength has been called one of the great mysteries of the foundation of mathematics. However, one easily establishes the existence of theories with incomparable logical strengths using self-reference (Rosser-style). As a result, PA + Con(PA) is ...

The state-of-the-art in Intelligent Assist Devices (IADs) is reviewed. IADs are computer-controlled tools that enable production workers to lift, move and position payloads quickly, accurately, and safely. Several examples of industrial applications are given, illustrating typical configurations and functionality, including strength amplification and virtual surfaces. The concept of human inten...

Objective: To develop an experimental technique whereby fatigue properties of newly developed hlgher strength steels, as are critical to deep water structural concepts, can be more rapidly and efficiently evaluated, and to use the technique to determine the influence of steel composition and microstructure potential and stress ratio on crack propagation behavior of these steels in natural seawa...

Tafone-like depressions have developed on the Aoshima sandstone blocks used for a masonry bridge pier in the coastal spray zone. A thin layer of partial granular disintegration was found on the surface in depressions. To evaluate quantitatively the strength of the thin weathered layer, the hardness was measured at the surface of the sandstone blocks using both an Equotip hardness tester and an ...

Similarity is a notion that is widely used both in cognitive science and in argumentation theory. These research programs have, however, developed in large part separately and in consequence rely on disparate notions of similarity. Only recently there has been a proposal for specifying how similarity actually plays a role in judging slippery slope arguments. We present here further theoretical ...

This report is a review of some failure models today used for determine failure in thin sheets of high strength steels. Focus has been given on phenomenlogical models and only some simple simulations have been carried out. The phenomenlogical models that have been summarized here are of four different categories, namely stress based, strain based, combined stress and strain based and damaged mo...

Much research on elemental causal learning has focused on how causal strength is learned from the states of variables. In longitudinal contexts, the way a cause and effect change over time can be informative of the underlying causal relationship. We propose a framework for inferring the causal strength from different observed transitions, and compare the predictions to existing models of causal...