Background Olanzapine is an orexigenic antipsychotic drug associated with serious metabolic adverse effects in humans. Development of valid rodent models for antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects is hampered by the fact that such effects occur in females only. Estradiol is a predominant female hormone that regulates energy balance. We hypothesized that the female-specific hyperphagia ...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on angiogenesis markers of visceral adipose tissue in ovariectomized rats. METHOD Adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups (n=6 per group): sham-sedentary, ovariectomized sedentary, sham-resistance training and ovariectomized resistance training. The rats were allowed to climb a 1.1...

We tested the hypothesis that endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) plays a less dominant role in the female cerebrovasculature. The contribution of EDHF to the ATP-mediated dilation was determined in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) isolated from male and female rats. Four groups of rats were tested: intact male (n = 12), intact female (n = 13), estrogen-treated ovariectomized femal...

BACKGROUND Repeated electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation is known to stimulate the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and to enhance the circulation level of estrogen in the ovariectomized rats. To explore the source of the increased circulation estrogen, the extragonadal aromatization was detected. METHODS Female rats were divided into five groups: 1) intact (INT), 2) intact...

The risks associated with hormone replacement therapy, especially cardiac diseases in postmenopausal women, have prompted extensive studies for other preventive or therapeutic alternatives. We investigated the cardioprotective effects of exercise training on the changes in cardiac myofilament Ca2+ activation in 10-wk-old ovariectomized rats. The exercise groups were subjected to a 9-wk running ...

Objective: Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) are involved in energy homeostasis in the rat. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of MC4R and AgRP mRNAs in arcuate nucleus (ARC) during long term malnutrition of female ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: Ten female ovariectomized rats were divided into two equal groups (n=6) of normal ...

Background: Serum insulin variations are occasionally observed in patients suffering infertility or gonad failure. The main purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of gonadectomy and sex steroid hormone replacement on serum insulin level in rats. Materials and Methods: Male rats were divided into control, orchidectomized, and testosterone receiving orchidectomized animals. Femal...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of puerarin on symptoms depression in ovariectomized female rat model, and mechanism action involved.
 Methods: Ninety healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to five groups: sham, low-dose puerarin, medium-dose high-dose groups, with 18 per group. Changes levels dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), apoptosis-related prot...

Tamoxifen is widely used in breast cancer therapy and in the treatment of all stages of breast cancer including chemoprevention in women at high risk of the disease. The most important aspect of tamoxifen therapy concerns its influence on bone tissue and lipid metabolism. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of tamoxifen on bone metabolism and blood cholesterol levels in ovariectomiz...

Many gastrointestinal pain syndromes are more prevalent in women than men, suggesting a gonadal steroid influence. We characterized the effects of estrogen on two responses to colorectal distention (CRD) in the rat: the visceromotor reflex (vmr) and L6-S1 dorsal horn neuron activity (ABRUPT and SUSTAINED neurons). Ovariectomized rats were injected with estrogen, and responses to innocuous and n...