BACKGROUND Availability of tobacco may be associated with increased smoking. Little is known about how proximity to a retail outlet is associated with smoking behaviours among smokers seeking treatment. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted using chart data was extracted for 734 new clients of a nicotine dependence clinic in Toronto, Canada who visited during the period April 2008 to ...

Practical Achievable Performance in Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Temperature Control — This paper proposes a simple control-oriented model for a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC). This distributed parameter model accounts for spatially distributed heat generation due to oxidation of reductants. It aims at being used in the context of DOC outlet temperature control, which is required during Diesel Pa...

BACKGROUND The most common malignancy to cause gastric outlet obstruction is primary gastric adenocarcinoma and it is followed by carcinoma of the pancreas and gallbladder. Herein, we report a case of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to metastatic lobular breast carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION Fifty-seven year old Caucasian female with recently diagnosed metastatic lobular breast carcinoma t...

Dams and impoundments, both large and small, affect downstream physicochemical characteristics and upand downstream biotic communities. I tested whether small dams and their impoundments altered downstream crayfish assemblages in northern Mississippi. I sampled crayfish and measured physicochemical variables at 4 sites downstream of impoundments (outlet sites) and 4 sites not influenced by impo...

BACKGROUND Greater exposures to fast-food outlets and lower levels of education are independently associated with less healthy diets and obesity. Little is known about the interplay between these environmental and individual factors. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test whether observed differences in fast-food consumption and obesity by fast-food outlet exposure are moderated by e...

A case of gastric outlet obstruction accompanied by diffuse gastritis and gastric ulcer due to cytomegalovirus infection is presented. The patient, a woman aged 67 years with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis under immunosuppressive treatment (methotrexate), was admitted to our department complaining mostly of abdominal pain located in the epigastrium and the right abdomen. Upper gastroint...

BACKGROUND The regulation of alcohol outlet density has been considered as a potential means of reducing alcohol consumption and related harms among underage youth. Whereas prior studies have examined whether alcohol outlet density was associated with an individual's alcohol consumption and related harms, this study examines whether it is related to the co-occurrence, or clustering, of these be...

BACKGROUND Combined intestinal and biliary stenting is one of the effective palliative methods for patients with malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction. This study was to evaluate the effect of combined intestinal and biliary stenting in the palliation of gastric outlet and biliary obstruction. METHODS Thirty-two patients with malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction underwe...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive values of the total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS-T) and voiding to storage subscore ratio (IPSS-V/S) in association with total prostate volume (TPV) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) in the diagnosis of bladder outlet-related lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)....

Introduction: Open-basin lake outlet valleys are incised when water breaches the basin-confining topography and overflows. Outlet valleys record this flooding event and provide insight into how the lake and surrounding terrain evolved over time [1–5]. Here we present a study of the paleolake outlet Licus Vallis, a >350 km long, >2 km wide, >100 m deep valley that heads at the outlet breach of a...