introduction : adverse health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ets) among non-smokers have been studied occasionally in developing countries. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to ets on outcome in pregnancy methods: in this descriptive and analytical study 600 non-smoking women delivering a singleton live baby were studied in delivery room in haja...

background and aims: bilirubin has been considered an antioxidant that protects against atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of serum bilirubin level with the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease (cad) and long-term outcome in the patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pci). materials and methods: this prospective cohort ...

objective: the aim of this study was to investigate prenatal and obstetrical outcome in mothers aged 40 years or older. materials and methods: a prospective comparative study was conducted for the women aged 40 years and over who delivered at 20 week's gestation or beyond from january 2004 to december 2005 at four hospitals of tehran university of medical sciences. for comparison, a control gro...

Since the burgeoning of the 'health outcomes' movement there has been an ever-increasing body of literature on health outcomes policy debates, directions, frameworks and tools for implementing health outcome-directed initiatives. There is a significant gap in the literature, however, in regard to translating a comprehensive health outcomes policy into practice at a local level. This paper addre...

When Pharaoh refused to supply straw, productivity plummeted in the Egyptian brick industry. But Pharaoh had other concerns. Anyway, the costs fell on Israelites, not Egyptians. Productivity improvement in the health sector is similarly constrained by competing objectives, and by the distribution of resulting gains and losses. Furthermore, health services have value only insofar as they improve...

This review explores the relationship between engagement with the creative arts and health outcomes, specifically the health effects of music engagement, visual arts therapy, movement-based creative expression, and expressive writing. Although there is evidence that art-based interventions are effective in reducing adverse physiological and psychological outcomes, the extent to which these inte...

background and purpose: in an era of increasing professional accountability, there is a need for both medical educators and licensing bodies to identify the exit competencies expected from medical graduates. pediatrics department of isfahan university of medical sciences has defined learning outcomes that should be achieved in pediatric ambulatory setting and both learners and teachers were inf...