Numerous contributions regarding the pathogenesis of ascites and edema have been made since Starling's first description of the balance between serum and tissue hydrostatic and osmotic forces. The original concept (1) proposed that, at equilibrium, serum protein osmotic pressure minus tissue fluid osmotic pressure equals capillary hydrostatic pressure minus tissue hydrostatic pressure. Direct a...

Salt and drought stress signal transduction consists of ionic and osmotic homeostasis signaling pathways, detoxification (i.e., damage control and repair) response pathways, and pathways for growth regulation. The ionic aspect of salt stress is signaled via the SOS pathway where a calcium-responsive SOS3-SOS2 protein kinase complex controls the expression and activity of ion transporters such a...

Little is known about cytoplasmic osmoregulatory mechanisms in plants, and even less is understood about how the osmotic properties of the cytoplasm and organelles are coordinately regulated. We have previously shown that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants lacking functional versions of the plastid-localized mechanosensitive ion channels Mechanosensitive Channel of Small Conductance-Like...

Proline accumulation in Escherichia coli is mediated by three proline porters. Proline catabolism is effected by proline porter I (PPI) and proline/delta 1-pyrroline carboxylate dehydrogenase. Proline did not accumulate cytoplasmically when E. coli was subjected to osmotic stress in minimal salts medium. Although PPI is induced when proline is provided as carbon or nitrogen source, its activity...

Macromolecules such as hemoglobin exert both kinetic and matrix effects on osmotic pressure. The kinetic osmotic pressure of sickle-cell hemoglobin is lost upon deoxygenation at physiological erythrocyte concentrations. The non-kinetic or matrix component of osmotic pressure remains relatively unchanged. Loss of thermal-osmotic activity during deoxygenation occurs throughout a hemoglobin concen...

ali shahriari1,3*, adam b puteh1, ghizan b saleh1, anuar b abdul rahim2 1- department of crop science, faculty of agriculture, university putra malaysia, selangor, malaysia 2- department of land management, faculty of agriculture, university putra malaysia, selangor, malaysia 3- agriculture and natural resources researches center of hormozgan, bandar abbas, iran     [1] corresponding author ema...

environmental stresses such as drought have important effects on plant growth and development. in order to evaluate the effect of drought tolerance, 12 chickpea genotypes were treated with drought stress in hydroponic condition in greenhouses. treatments were a control and two stress treatments -3 and -6 bar that was created with polyethylene glycol in hydroponic condition. two weeks after the ...

Osmotic stress activates the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA). One major step in ABA biosynthesis is the carotenoid cleavage catalyzed by a 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). To understand the mechanism for osmotic stress activation of ABA biosynthesis, we screened for Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that failed to induce the NCED3 gene expression in response to osmotic stress treatments...

Peeled Avena sativa coleoptile sections (i.e. sections from which the epidermis has been removed) have been used to study the control of solute uptake under conditions where the uptake is not limited by the cuticular barrier. In the presence of 2% sucrose, auxin enhances the rate at which the total osmotic solutes increase, but this appears to be a response to the increased growth rate, inasmuc...

The aim of our experiments was to characterise and to validate the osmotic fragility test when applied to human blood samples with no significant alterations of osmotic fragility but with a differentiating shape of the haemolysis curve. All experiments were carried out on human erythrocytes taken from the Regional Centre of Blood Donation and Blood Therapy in Wrocław. The washed erythrocytes we...