introduction: different mechanisms are involved in stress induced analgesia (sia) and hyperalgesia (sih). repeated stress induces development of tolerance to sia. the role of hpa axis and gs signaling pathway in these effects are investigated in the current study. methods: forced swim stress (5 min/day) in water (20±1 ºc) was employed to adult male wistar rats (200-250 g). the nociceptive thres...

The neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir offers an important immediate option for the control of influenza, and its clinical use has increased substantially during the recent H1N1 pandemic. In view of the high prevalence of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses in 2007-2008, there is an urgent need to characterize the transmissibility and fitness of oseltamivir-resistant H1N...

TO THE EDITOR—Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe complications from influenza A H1N1 infection [1]. Early treatment with oseltamivir appears to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality [2]. The limited data available suggest that oseltamivir can be used without adverse pregnancy or fetal outcomes [3]. In fact, in ex vivo placental models, minimal or low transplacental transfer of os...

This manuscript describes the identification of an oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H3N2) virus in a respiratory specimen collected from an immunocompromised patient in Alberta, Canada, during the 2014-2015 influenza season. Following treatment with oseltamivir, neuraminidase (NA) gene sequencing indicated the presence of an R292K mutation. Phenotypic susceptibility testing by the NA-Star ass...

Oseltamivir phosphate is a widely used anti-influenza sialidase inhibitor. Sialylation, governed by sialyltransferases and sialidases, is strongly implicated in the oncogenesis and progression of breast cancer. In this study we evaluated the biological behavior of canine mammary tumor cells upon oseltamivir phosphate treatment (a sialidase inhibitor) in vitro and in vivo. Our in vitro results s...

BACKGROUND Large clinical trials have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of oseltamivir against influenza. We assessed the indirect effectiveness of oseltamivir in reducing secondary household transmission in an incident cohort of influenza index patients and their household members. METHODS We recruited index outpatients whose rapid test results were positive for influenza from February t...

BACKGROUND Data on oseltamivir treatment among hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients are limited. METHODS Patients hospitalized with CAP at 6 hospitals during the 2010-2012 influenza seasons were included. We assessed factors associated with oseltamivir treatment using logistic regression. RESULTS Oseltamivir treatment was provided to 89 of 1627 (5%) children (<18 years) ...

The metabolism of [2-acetyl-(14)C]oseltamivir (GS4104, Ro 64-0796), the prodrug of the novel influenza neuraminidase inhibitor GS4071 (Ro 64-0802), was examined in rats after oral dosing. Intact oseltamivir was observed only in lung and urine, accounting for 37 and 15% of the total radioactivity in these samples, respectively. GS4071 was the major metabolite in plasma, tissues, and urine, and a...

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Current antiviral therapies include oseltamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor that prevents the release of nascent viral particles from infected cells. However, the IAV genome can evolve rapidly, and oseltamivir resistance mutations have been detected in numerous clinical samples. Using an in vitro evolution ...

Oseltamivir phosphate is a prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate, a highly specific inhibitor of influenza virus neuraminidases. Given that oseltamivir carboxylate binds to highly conserved, essential amino acids in the catalytic site of the enzyme, and that the activity of neuraminidase is critical for virus release from infected cells and subsequent virus spread, the drug was expected to have a ...