OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of early treatment for amblyopia in children. DESIGN Follow up of outcomes of treatment for amblyopia in a randomised controlled trial comparing intensive orthoptic screening at 8, 12, 18, 25, 31, and 37 months (intensive group) with orthoptic screening at 37 months only (control group). SETTING Avon, southwest England. PARTICIPANTS 3490 children who ...

PURPOSE To investigate the accuracy of the base-to-base prism test (BBPT), which entails inducing an esotropia with the use of base-in prisms before each eye, in the diagnosis of amblyopia. METHODS Participants were consecutive patients recruited from a pediatric ophthalmology practice who were able to perform logMAR acuity testing. All participants underwent an orthoptic examination, includi...

WHEN orthoptic treatment was first practised it was thought that, if it were applied in cases of non-paralytic strabismus where there was good visual acuity in each eye, restoration of normal binocular function would invariably result. In the early 1930s it was not unusual for children suffering from squint to be subjected to countless sessions of treatment with reflecting stereoscopes in the h...

Aim: Orthoptists are familiar with AC/A ratios and the concept that accommodation drives convergence, but the reverse relationship, that of the accommodation associated with convergence, is rarely con-

The literature on eccentric fixation includes numerous systems of classification devised by different workers. At the orthoptic and pleoptic centre at this hospital, we have tried to use some of these classifications, but have observed certain discrepancies which are discussed below. Some classifications are based on anatomical landmarks (Mayweg and Massie, 1958; von Noorden, 1959; Scully and N...

Despite successful orthoptic liver transplantation some patients develop a recurrent headache that interferes with their quality of life. To estimate the frequency of this symptom 34 patients who had undergone orthoptic liver transplantation were questioned about the history and character of any headache. Six patients described a recurrent headache typical of migraine only since transplantation...

BACKGROUND In paediatric ophthalmology retinoscopy may be performed immediately after an orthoptic examination or during an additional ambulatory visit. So far, no studies have been performed to investigate which of both procedures is preferred by the persons accompanying or examining the children. PATIENTS AND METHODS 32 consecutive children under the age of 16 were randomly assigned to have...

AIMS To assess non-cycloplegic screening for amblyopia with the hand held Nikon Retinomax autorefractor in 3 year old kindergarten children. METHODS 427 three year old children were examined in kindergarten with the Retinomax without cycloplegia. A gold standard was established in all children by two orthoptic examinations in kindergarten. If there were missing, abnormal, or inconsistent find...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical performance of the Pediatric Vision Screener (PVS) in children in a pediatric ophthalmology office setting. METHODS Seventy-seven subjects between 2 and 18 years of age received gold-standard orthoptic examinations and were classified as at risk for amblyopia if strabismus or anisometropia (>1.50 diopters) was present. Strabismus was subclassified as variabl...