[1] Trends and variations of Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes (GSSTF) version 2c (GSSTF2c) latent heat flux (LHF) are examined. This version of LHF takes account of the correction in Earth incidence angle. The trend of global mean LHF for GSSTF2c is much reduced relative to GSSTF version 2b Set 1 and Set 2 for the same period 1988–2008. Temporal increase of GSSTF2c LHF in the tw...

[1] Three years of high-frequency radar observations in the Santa Barbara Channel reveal sequences of alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices propagating westward with a period of approximately 2 weeks. The sequences last up to a few months and occur intermittently throughout the year. The velocity distributions of cyclones and anticyclones are antisymmetric with a mean propagation speed...

Nonparametric approaches have recently emerged as a flexible way to model longitudinal data. This entry reviews some of the common nonparametric approaches to incorporate time and other covariate effects for longitudinally observed response data. Smoothing procedures are invoked to estimate the associated nonparametric functions, but the choice of smoothers can vary and is often subjective. Bot...

Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) have been determined for three wind data sets from stations in valleys south of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Two of the data sets were for summer months, with individual days selected from the MesoWest archive to represent conditions conducive to welldeveloped thermally driven flows. The remaining data set was for the month of October 2000 and was derived f...

The variations in total relative angular momentum of the atmosphere are examined for annual and shorter time scales. Use of a 5 year data set consisting of zonally-averaged values from the NMC twice daily analysis allows the construction of 2-dimensional (latitude-height) descriptions of the phenomena. Spatially coherent patterns have been identified associated with annual, semi-annual, and 40-...

Natural climate variations in the United States wind resource are assessed by using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions (CSEOFs) to decompose wind reanalysis data. Compared to approaches that average climate signals or assume stationarity of the wind resource on interannual time scales, the CSEOF analysis isolates variability associated with specific climate oscillations, as well as ...

In this paper, a new method for the determination of missing values in temporal databases is presented. This new method is based on two projection methods: a nonlinear one (Self-Organized Maps) and a linear one (Empirical Orthogonal Functions). The global methodology that is presented combines the advantages of both methods to get accurate candidates for missing values. An application of the de...

DAI, Z.-J.; CHEN, J.-Y.; DU, J.-Z., and LI, C.-C., 2008. Seasonal changes of sandbar behavior in Nanwan Beach, South China. Journal of Coastal Research, 24(5), 1209–1216. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Frequent leveling data of beach profiles is collected from Nanwan Beach, which is characterized by a large seasonal variation in wave climate. Variability of the bar crest position ob...

Functional data analysis (FDA) deals with samples where a whole function is observed for each individual. A particular case is when the observed functions are densities, that is also an example of infinite dimensional compositional data. We focus on the dimensionality reduction problem for this particular type of data. Several methods are considered here: functional principal components analysi...

The authors address the question of whether or not eddy feedback plays an important role in driving the anomalous relative angular momentum associated with the zonal index (ZI) in the atmosphere. For this purpose, composites of anomalous relative angular momentum and anomalous eddy angular momentum flux convergence (eddy forcing) are examined with National Centers for Environmental Prediction–N...