An ortho-nitrophenol solution was injected into the intestine which had been removed from an anesthetized mouse by placing a ligature at the duodenum and at the rectum. The intestine was then incubated in Ringer's solution at 37•Ž and the ortho-nitrophenol was found to be reduced to ortho aminophenol. At the same time, it was found that ortho-nitrophenol which was incubated with the intestinal ...

A three-step procedure has been developed for preparing ortho-alkoxybenzaldehydes from ortho-fluorobenzaldehydes that tolerates the use of sterically hindered sodium alkoxide nucleophiles. The protocol is modular and operationally convenient. The ortho-alkoxybenzaldehyde products can be converted in one additional step to ortho-alkoxystyrenes by a Wittig reaction. These styrenes are precursors ...

The effect of the ortho alkylation of perylene bisimides on the alignment and self-assembly properties has been studied. It was found that the dichroic properties of perylene bisimides in a liquid crystal host can be reversed with a single synthetic step by ortho alkylation. Furthermore, a solvent-induced growth of ultralong organic n-type semiconducting fibrils from non-ortho-alkylated perylen...

Recently, there has been a great deal of remarkable interest in finding bioactive compounds from nutritional foods to replace synthetic compounds. In particular, ortho-dihydroxyisoflavones and glycitein are of growing scientific interest owing to their attractive biological properties. In this study, 7,8-ortho-dihydroxyisoflavone, 6,7-ortho-dihydroxyisoflavone, 3',4'-ortho-dihydroxyisoflavone a...

We study orthogonal drawings of 4-planar graphs on cylinders—so called ortho-radial drawings. Equivalently these can be regarded as drawings on an ortho-radial grid formed by concentric circles and rays from the center of these circles but excluding the center itself. Ortho-radial drawings form a proper extension of orthogonal drawings in the plane. We present ortho-radial representations as a ...

Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element present in the Earth's crust besides oxygen. However, the exact biological roles of silicon remain unknown. Moreover, the ortho-silicic acid (H4SiO4), as a major form of bioavailable silicon for both humans and animals, has not been given adequate attention so far. Silicon has already been associated with bone mineralization, collagen synthesis, skin, h...

PURPOSES The aim of this study was to analyse clinical data of children undergoing orthokeratology (ortho-k) and to investigate patients'/parents' perspective on ortho-k via telephone interviews. METHODS Clinical records of children undergoing ortho-k from a university optometry clinic were reviewed and the effects of ortho-k on refraction, vision and cornea were investigated. A telephone int...

hydrogen is an unusual substance in that its molecule exists in two forms, known as ortho and para, with markedly different properties. energy level of the ortho molecule is higher than para, therefore, the latter is employed for industrial purposes. consequently, for a high  conversion of  ortho to para hydrogen a catalyst reactor must be employed.  therefore, one of  the main objectives of th...

We discuss the ratio of orthoto para-H2 in photodissociation regions (PDRs). We draw attention to an apparent confusion in the literature between the ortho-to-para ratio of molecules in FUV-pumped vibrationally excited states, and the total H2 ortho-to-para abundance ratio. These ratios are not the same because the process of FUV-pumping of fluorescent H2 emission in PDRs occurs via optically t...

BACKGROUND Women of childbearing age represent a growing proportion of people living with HIV. Preventing pregnancy is important in HIV-infected women receiving efavirenz as part of their antiretroviral therapy. METHODS The effects of coadministration of efavirenz (600 mg once daily) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the active components (ethinyl estradiol [EE] and 17-deacetyl norgestimate [NG...