The development of highly active, cheap and robust oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts to replace precious metal platinum is extremely urgent and challenging for renewable energy devices. Herein we report a novel, green and especially facile hydrogel strategy to construct N and B co-doped nanocarbon embedded with Co-based nanoparticles as an efficient non-precious ORR catalyst. The...

A novel nanowire-structured polypyrrole-cobalt composite, PPy-CTAB-Co, is successfully synthesized with a surfactant of cetyltrimethylammounium bromide (CTAB). As an electro-catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, this PPy-CTAB-Co demonstrates a superior ORR performance when compared to that of granular PPy-Co catalyst and also a much better durability than the comme...

A density functional theory (DFT) -based, combinatorial search for improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is presented. A descriptor-based approach to estimate the ORR activity of binary surface alloys, wherein alloying occurs only in the surface layer, is described, and rigorous, potential-dependent computational tests of the stability of these alloys in aqueous, acidic environment...

Development of inexpensive and robust electrocatalysts towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for the cost-affordable manufacturing of metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Here we show that cross-linked CoMoO4 nanosheets and reduced graphene oxide (CoMoO4/rGO) can be integrated in a hybrid material under one-pot hydrothermal conditions, yielding a composite material with promising ca...

Atomically resolved structures and compositions of Pt alloy nanoparticles were obtained using aberration-corrected high-angle dark field imaging, which was correlated to specific ORR activity based on a Pt surface area. The enhanced specific ORR activity (approximately 2 times relative to Pt) of acid-treated "Pt3Co" nanoparticles can be related to composition variations at the atomic scale and ...

development of efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (orr) is one of the most important issues for optimizing the performance of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. the introduction of nitrogen into carbon nanostructures has created new pathways for the development of non-precious electrocatalysts in fuel cells. in this work, nitrogen-doped graphene (ng) was synthesized by a ...

gas diffusion electrode was used for providing better conditions in fuel cell systems for oxygen reduction reaction (orr). because the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction at the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode restricts fuel cell efficiency. to this end, researchers have used platinum-coated carbon. in the present study, due to the reduction of carbon corrosion, zinc oxide...

The most eeective and widely used methods for integrating the Orr-Sommerfeld equation by shooting are the continuous orthogonalization method and the compound matrix method. In this paper, we consider this problem from a diierential-geometric point of view. A new deenition of orthogonalization is presented: restriction of the Orr-Sommerfeld to a complex Stiefel manifold, and this deenition lead...

In the present study, methods to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of sub-nanosized Pt clusters were investigated in a theoretical manner. Using ab initio molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations based on density functional theory, we have succeeded in determining the origin of the superior ORR activity of Pt12 compared to that of Pt13. That is, it was clarified that th...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of decline in the serum level of carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) on tumor response during the chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (GC). METHODS The serum CA724 level was determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, while the objective response rate (ORR) was assessed according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumo...