INTRODUCTION The evaluation of orofacial damage is an emerging branch in the forensic sciences, specifically in forensic odontology and medicine. One of the major limitations during the evaluation of forensic orofacial damages is establishing the consolidation date of acquired lesions. The consolidation date is defined as the moment from which orofacial damages are considered irreversible. AI...

introduction : tardive dyskinesia is one of the major side effects of long-term neuroleptic treatment. increased reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress has been proposed as possible etiopathologic mechanisms. ginkgo biloba extract (egb) is a natural antioxidant. we investigated the effects of ginkgo biloba extract on neuroleptic-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats, a potential animal mod...

This article reviews four of the involuntary hyperkinetic motor disorders that affect the orofacial region: bruxism, orofacial dystonia, oromandibular dyskinesia, and medication-induced extrapyramidal syndrome-dystonic reactions. It discusses and contrasts the clinical features and management strategies for spontaneous, primary, and drug-induced motor disorders in the orofacial region. The arti...

BACKGROUND Orofacial granulomatosis is a clinical entity presenting with swelling of the facial and/or oral tissues in association with histologic evidence of noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. Labial swelling is the most common finding. Compromise of the gingival and periodontal tissues may occur but has rarely been described in the literature. Our objective was to characterize granuloma...

The potential role of a size-scaling principle in orofacial movements for speech was examined by using between-group (adults vs. 5-yr-old children) as well as within-group correlational analyses. Movements of the lower lip and jaw were recorded during speech production, and anthropometric measures of orofacial structures were made. Adult women produced speech movements of equal amplitude and ve...

The embryonic head development, including the formation of dental structures, is a complex and delicate process guided by specific genetic programs. Genetic changes and environmental factors can disturb the execution of these programs and result in abnormalities in orofacial and dental structures. Orofacial clefts and hypodontia/ oligodontia are examples of such abnormalities frequently seen in...

Elemental diet in the treatment of orofacial Crohn's disease HISTORY A 12 year old boy presented via his orthodontist with a three month history of facial swelling and a one year history of intermittent diarrhoea. Examination revealed a pale boy with asymmetrical thickening of his cheeks, a buccal mu-cosal fold on the left, and friable mucosa on the right. Investigations revealed a mild hypochr...

Orofacial clefts include cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and cleft lip and palate (CLP), which combined represent the largest group of craniofacial malformations in humans with an overall prevalence of one per 1,000 live births. Each of these birth defects shows strong familial aggregation, suggesting a major genetic component to their etiology. Genetic studies of orofacial clefts extend bac...