the appearance of new sciences and conflicts arising from reductionism in domain of science and knowledge, explains the necessity of interdisciplinary studies. some scientists believe the history of interdisciplinary studies is rooted in ancient greece, but in fact interdisciplinary studies started in industrial laboratories, the first center for interdisciplinary studies, about 150 years ago. ...

Contemporaries of Charles Darwin were divided on reconciling his theory of natural selection with religion and morality. Although Alfred Russel Wallace stands out as a spiritualist advocate of natural selection who rejected a natural origin of morality, the science popularizer and spiritualist Arabella Buckley (1840–1929) offers a more representative example of how theists, whether spiritualist...

Epidemiologists, like many scientists, tend to become specialized and focused on a particular disease, even though behavioral risk factors such as physical activity have effects across many diseases. This commentary is a personal reflection by an epidemiologist on the shortcomings of this disease-oriented approach to prevention.

Since the Sassanid era, many reliefs and seals have left and by reviewing their designs, the mythical and religious attitudes of those people can be understood. The purpose of this article is to decode and interpret the symbolic paintings and to review and study the myths, concepts, and religious rituals of this period. The question is that what the divine and human origin of the symbolic paint...

abstract one of the most ancient religious rituals expanded throughout many asian and european countries was mehr faith or so called western mithraism  according to the ancient texts, it has iranian roots but the lack of documents including bas-relief or artistic works in general as well as the scarcity of remnants has caused the historians to be doubtful and skeptic about its origin to the ext...

the aim of my argument (1) is to reconceptualise what is now called religious studies as the study of institutionalised values, and the relation between values and the legitimation of power in a specific society. though i do not talk much about power here, it is always a fundamental issue in the study of specific social groups.the first assumption which i make in this paper is that the way anal...

from Different Countries of Origin in EU Member-States S. André, J. Dronkers & F. Fleischmann Last updated: July 20 , 2010 Abstract Drawing on 71593 respondents of the second and third wave of the European Social Survey, we analyse the perceptions of in-group discrimination of 7034 immigrants from 177 different countries of origin in 14 EU-countries. In addition to testing the effects of indivi...

In the present paper, we solve the problem of reducing to the simplest and convenient for our purposes, “canonical” form for an arbitrary pair of compatible nonlocal Poisson brackets of hydrodynamic type generated by metrics of constant Riemannian curvature (compatible Mokhov–Ferapontov brackets [1]) in order to get an effective construction of the integrable hierarchies related to all these co...

The optimal sequenced route (OSR) query performs a critical role in finding the most economical route for a trip, for instance, location base services. OSR finds the minimum-length route, starting from an origin location and passing through a number of locations or points of interest (POIs), following the prespecified route sequence. An OSR query on road networks tends to expand an extremely la...