Parts manufactured to tolerances have variations in shape. Most previous work in robotic manipulation assumes that parts do not have shape variations. Orienting devices such as bowl feeders often fail due to variations in part shape. We study the effects of uncertainty in part shape on orienting to develop systems that can orient toleranced polygonal parts. We present a tolerance model in which...

The effect of element density on selective orienting was examined in 2 experiments with 2and 4.5-month-old infants. Selective visual orienting to a singleton oscillating target that appeared with other static bars was used to study the effects of element density. Increasing the set size and density of the static bars decreased selective orienting to the moving target in the 2-month-old infants,...

Primates live in complex social groups and rely on social cues to direct their attention. For example, primates react faster to an unpredictable stimulus after seeing a conspecific looking in the direction of that stimulus. In the current study we tested the specificity of facial cues (gaze direction) for orienting attention and their interaction with other cues that are known to guide attentio...

Selective attention biases the encoding and maintenance of representations in visual STM (VSTM). However, precise attentional mechanisms gating encoding and maintenance in VSTM and across development remain less well understood. We recorded EEG while adults and 10-year-olds used cues to guide attention before encoding or while maintaining items in VSTM. Known neural markers of spatial orienting...

We investigated whether the covert orienting of visuospatial attention can be effectively used in a brain-computer interface guided by event-related potentials. Three visual interfaces were tested: one interface that activated voluntary orienting of visuospatial attention and two interfaces that elicited automatic orienting of visuospatial attention. We used two epoch classification procedures....

The authors used an associative learning paradigm to assess the effects of perirhinal or postrhinal damage on attentional orienting. Control rats and rats with lesions of either the perirhinal or postrhinal cortex initially displayed high levels of orienting behavior (rearing) to presentations of a light cue. Continued nonreinforced presentations resulted in normal habituation of the response. ...

Parts manufactured to tolerances have shape variations. Most work in robotic manipulation assumes that part shape does not vary. Orienting devices such as bowl feeders frequently fail due to variations in part shape. In this paper we develop techniques to orient parts with shape uncertainty. We present a shape uncertainty model and describe the nondeterminism in parts orienting that arises from...

The relation between reflexive and voluntary orienting of visual attention was investigated with 4 experiments: a simple detection task, a localization task, a saccade toward the target task, and a target identification task in which discrimination difficulty was manipulated. Endogenous and exogenous orienting cues were presented in each trial and their validity was manipulated orthogonally to ...

Symbolic cues have always been thought to elicit voluntary orienting of attention. Arrows, as well as other centrally presented cues, could lead to reflexive shifts of attention, without showing, however, the biphasic pattern (initial facilitation / later inhibition) typical of peripheral automatic orienting. This study evaluated the role of awareness in endogenous orienting of attention, in or...