We discuss data showing that, unlike other long-distance anaphors widely documented in the literature (e.g. ziji from Chinese, caki from Korean, zibun, from Japanese, etc.), the Portuguese ele prOprio is not subject-oriented. This supports a reformulation of Principle Z, encompassing subject-oriented and non subject-oriented long-distance anaphora, which shows up as the fourth binding principle...

The ubiquity of consistent inter-individual differences in behavior ("animal personalities") [1, 2] suggests that they might play a fundamental role in driving the movements and functioning of animal groups [3, 4], including their collective decision-making, foraging performance, and predator avoidance. Despite increasing evidence that highlights their importance [5-16], we still lack a unified...

Political Development in Social Sciences Textbooks: Content Analysis of the High School Texts M. Abtahi, Ph.D.* G.R. Mohammadimehr**   Political development, as an educational objective, could be achieved if certain concepts and values are dealt with in the textbooks. Chief among such concepts and values are rationality, scientific tendencies, law abiding, group work, consultation, ...

For nearly two decades human-oriented theorem proving techniques have been in the focus of interest of the ΩMEGA project [1] at Saarland University. And since one decade their application to tutorial natural language dialog on mathematical proofs has been studied in the interdisciplinary project DIALOG [3]. The focus on user-orientedness and mathematical practice in these projects resulted in d...

This article shows that the usual speaker-based account of h-aspiré in French can explain at most three of the four phonological processes in which it is involved, whereas a listener-oriented account can explain all of them. On a descriptive level, the behaviour of h-aspiré is accounted for with a grammar model that involves a control loop, whose crucial ingredient is listener-oriented faithful...

When one surveys Professor Carbonell's many and varied research contributions, two more or less constant methodological trends seem to stand out. They are the preference for an integra-tive outlook and insistence on developing computational systems. The integrative outlook stresses the multiplicity of causes in behavior and contributing factors in reasoning. It is a rather difficult position to...

Top-down theorem provers with depth-rst search (e.g., PTTP [Sti88], METEOR [AL91], SETHEO [LSBB92]) have the general disadvantage that during the search the same goals have to be proven over and over again, thus causing a large amount of redundancy. Resolution-based bottom-up theorem provers (e.g., OTTER [McC90]), on the other hand, avoid this problem by performing backward and forward subsumpt...