Perfectionism is a personality characteristic that has been found to predict sports performance in athletes. To date, however, research has exclusively examined this relationship at an individual level (i.e., athletes’ perfectionism predicting their personal performance). The current study extends this research to team sports by examining whether, when manifested at team level, perfectionism pr...

It is often assumed that a standard means a precise specification. Such standards have brought benefits in many fields, eg: bolts which screw into nuts, ATMs which can read credit cards, and compilers which can read programming languages. Some HCI standards are also of this type: many design guides provide a detailed specification of the nature of the user interface. Although standard user inte...

The importance of formalising the speciication of standards has been recognised for a number of years. This paper advocates the use of the formal speciication language Object-Z in the deenition of standards. Object-Z is an extension to the Z language speciically to facilitate speciication in an object-oriented style. First, the syntax and semantics of Object-Z are described informally. Then the...

Web services standards were designed to enable interoperability of heterogeneous application servers in the Service Oriented Architecture. Although the standards proved to be highly successful, there are still difficulties in effective services integration. The paper presents a methodology that enables description of application servers interoperability in order to improve the service integrati...

Data quality statements are now entrenched in metadata standards worldwide. I contrast the needs of the user with the production-control mechanisms of the producer, and argue that metadata standards are producer-centric. To the user, the ability of data sets to interoperate is of major concern, as is the experience of prior users, the accessibility of quality statements, and the ease with which...

Proprietary de facto standards are seldom formalized. This paper examines a case, the JavaTM Technology of Sun Microsystems, where this was attempted. Sun approached the ISO/IEC JTC1 standards body and later the ECMA standards consortium to formalize Java. It withdrew both times. In this paper, I examine what motivated Sun's actions. A conceptual framework is applied that distinguishes two leve...

It is crucial for corporations operating in a multinational economy to have a seamless understanding of the security process. For information assurance, ISO 15408:1999 (i.e. Common Criteria) and ISO 17799:2000 are the key standards, both of which are needed for implementing a global approach to security. They provide a definition of the necessary elements of the process as well as the basis for...

The importance of formalising the speciication of standards has been recognised for a number of years. This paper advocates the use of the formal speciication language Object-Z in the deenition of standards. Object-Z is an extension to the Z language speciically to facilitate speciication in an object-oriented style. First, the syntax and semantics of Object-Z are described informally. Then the...

Proprietary de facto standards are seldom formalized. This paper examines a case, the JavaTM Technology of Sun Microsystems, where this was attempted. Sun approached the ISO/IEC JTC1 standards body and later the ECMA standards consortium to formalize Java. It withdrew both times. In this paper, I examine what motivated Sun's actions. A conceptual framework is applied that distinguishes two leve...