In the construction of a large software system, it is inevitable that some aspects of program behavior will cut across the structure of the code. The changes that are needed to support a new feature, for example, may be spread across several different points in the original program, making them harder to maintain and harder to reuse. The designers of “aspect-oriented” programming languages aim ...

Abstract Novice translation graduates are often found to be slow translators. The fact that this deficiency is usually rectified through professional experience implies initial performance issues the outcome of a complex interplay factors, which do not involve intrinsic abilities. Based on insights from cognitively oriented research students’ beliefs about language learning and impact these hav...

critical language assessment (cla) argues that language testing is a form of social practice and an agent of cultural, social, educational as well as ideological agendas. as such this article scrutinized the power that different groups of people including, teachers, students and their parents own at the levels of developing, administrating and interpreting iranian university entrance examinatio...

Abstracting the real world is a major aim of Informatics. This paper introduces a new Theory and Language which allow to better abstract the real world in clear and simplified Models than today’s software does. It thereby helps crossing a number of abstraction gaps that each software project has to go through in its lifetime. Sticking to Cybernetics, this paper means that one of the first thing...

INTRODUCTION With the explosion of data volume and the variety of data sources (Cohen et al., 2009) – two aspects of the big data problem-we observe quite significant difficulties in applying conventional data analysis methodologies to real world problems. The existing technologies for data management and analytics were pushed to the limits of their ability to solve more and more complex analys...

Despite being trained in pre-service teacher education programs, most EFL teachers are underprepared when faced with language assessment-related activities. Part of the problem emanates from the fact that Language Assessment Literacy (LAL) as a construct has not been well defined by experts. The purpose of this study was to pinpoint the components of LAL in the Iranian EFL context using an adap...

This paper describes the concept of language oriented programming which is a novel way of organising the development of a large software system, leading to a different structure for the finished product. The approach starts by developing a formally specified, domain-oriented, very high-level language which is designed to be well-suited to developing “this kind of program”. The development proce...