neoliberal approach with the aim to promote development in different countries has particular implications. it can be cited as monetary and financial system reform, privatization, elimination of barriers to trade and foreign investment. hence, from the beginning of the post-soviet, central asian countries adopted different approaches towards economic reform and moved towards a free market with ...

Somewhat incongruously, as global economic integration progressed the trend towards regionalism also strengthened. This paper introduces readers to the contemporary wave of regionalism. It delves into the principle characteristics of the second wave of regionalism, how it is different from the first and what is its texture. It focuses on regionalism in the Asia-Pacific region, which was slow to...

Pacific Economic Bulletin Volume 21 Number 1 2006 © Asia Pacific Press Calvo and Reinhart (2002) found a pervasive ‘fear of floating’ in emerging economies, and that officially announced currency regimes may diverge from central bank practice. Calvo and Reinhart’s method is used to show that currency market intervention appears to be taking place in the kina, which is nominally a free floating ...

Trade between Central Asia and the rest of the world began over 5000 years ago. However, patterns of trade and consequent demand for transportation under the globalization movement are much more complex. Supply of transportation to meet emerging characteristics and quantities of demand is expensive and time consuming. Yet, without efficient and effective transportation the economic growth poten...

seistan was one of the important ancient urban centres in south eastern persia. the ruins of the city show the prosperity and fertility of this city to the extent that a british civil officer considered it as the ancient london of asia. this article attempts to describe the enormous latent wealth of this ancient city which made it important for strategic, political and commercial reasons. due t...

As a result of recent developments, global economic centre of gravity has slide to Asia-Pacific region. It is predicted that Asia-Pacific countries will take place at the first row in global trade and nearly a half of the total trade will intensify in this region at the year 2030. On the other hand, the region covers countries from different levels of development. These features of the region p...

human trafficking is one form of organized crime with 7 to 10 billion dollars profit next to drug and weapon trades. former soviet republics and eastern europe have become the newest sources of human trafficking, for europe and north america for the purpose of sexual exploitation .this article is a result in causes of human trafficking in central asian republic of the former soviet :union:.

even though subsequent to the cold war, washington and moscow geostrategic competition came to an end in many parts of the world, a fresh rivalry has been sparked between them in central asia and the caucasus. this rivalry has been developed between regional and transregional powers with the aim of gaining geopolitical advantages, enhancement of security structures, dominance over energy resour...