This paper develops a theory for why " audiences " who have traditionally preferred organizational " candidates " with clearly defined and specialized identities would come to prefer generalists. Such a transformation is demonstrated in the evolution of trade-union organizing in the United States between 1961 and 1999 away from exclusive industrial jurisdictions and toward diverse organizing. W...

In this paper, a multiple discrete quasi-sliding mode (QSM) control scheme is proposed for a general class of nonlinear discrete time systems with unknown dynamical equations, provided that input–output data is available for system identification. The self-organizing map (SOM) is employed to divide the state space into local regions such that it associates the operating region where a local lin...

This paper presents an unsupervised segmentation method for feature sequences based on competitivelearning hidden Markov models. Models associated with the nodes of the Self-Organizing Map learn to become selective to the segments of temporal input sequences. Input sequences may have arbitrary lengths. Segment models emerge then on the map through an unsupervised learning process. The method wa...

Neurons develop distinctive dendritic morphologies to receive and process information. Previous experiments showed that competitive dendro-dendritic interactions play critical roles in shaping dendrites of the space-filling type, which uniformly cover their receptive field. We incorporated this finding in constructing a new mathematical model, in which reaction dynamics of two chemicals (activa...

The attracting set and the inverse limit set are important objects associated to a self-map on a set. We call stable set of the self-map the projection of the inverse limit set. It is included in the attracting set, but is not equal in the general case. Here we determine whether or not the equality holds in several particular cases, among which are the case of a dense range continuous function ...

This paper presents an application of Kohonen's self-organizing feature maps (SOM) for solving the problem of color constancy. The main problem is to evaluate the transformation between collections of color-points forming diierently shaped clouds in color space under changing illumination. The main idea is to embed appropriate 3D coordinate systems into these clouds by self-organization, and so...

An agent must acquire internal representation appropriate for its task, environment, sensors. As a learning algorithm, reinforcement learning is often utilized to acquire the relation between sensory input and action. Learning agents in the real world using visual sensors is often confronted with critical problem how to build necessary and su cient state space for the agent to execute the task....

Understanding the dynamics of recurrent neural networks is crucial for explaining how the brain processes information. In the neocortex, a range of different plasticity mechanisms are shaping recurrent networks into effective information processing circuits that learn appropriate representations for time-varying sensory stimuli. However, it has been difficult to mimic these abilities in artific...

We examine the design space of auction mechanisms and identify three core activities that structure this space. Formal parameters qualifying the performance core activities enables precise specification of auction rules. This specification constitutes an auction description language that can be employed in the implementation of configurable marketplaces. The specification also provides a framew...