In a world in which the pace of cities is increasing, prompt access to relevant information is crucial to the understanding and regulation of land use and its evolution in time. In spite of this, characterization and regulation of urban areas remains a complex process, requiring expert human intervention, analysis and judgment. Here we carry out a spatio-temporal fractal analysis of a metropoli...

Road pricing has been promoted by transport economists for decades as a means of solving congestion problems in big cities. Congestion causes enormous costs to society in a number of ways; for example, overall transport costs rise, polluting emissions increase, the demand for infrastructure is artificially driven up. The social benefits of solving the congestion problem would therefore be enorm...

In the present study, carbon species including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentration in PM2.5 were assessed at an urban site of Tehran, Iran during March to June 2014. The PM2.5 samples were collected using an frmOMNITM Ambient Air Sampler. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to analyze OC and EC. The results showed that PM2.5 ...

Organically produced food seems not to be able to feed the World’s Population. However, there are strong evidences that organic agriculture might help to alleviate the number of people suffering from hunger in some areas. The distribution of food and the access to food are often the main factors why people are undernourished. Aside, conventional agriculture often causes strong negative external...

Nutrient inputs from rivers play an important role in lake eutrophication. To compare the forms characteristics of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in rivers flowing through rural and urban areas, water samples were collected seasonally from five urban rivers and six rural rivers flowing to Lake Chaohu, China. Higher total phosphorus (TP), particulate phosphorus (PP), soluble reactive phosphorus...

the goal of this article is mapping urban management science. the main question of the research is “what are the subject areas of urban management science and how is the relation between these subject areas?” the map of urban management science can help to recognize urban management and its subject areas and can help policy makers to get familiar with the priorities in this subject area. for th...

In the present study, carbon species including organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) concentration in PM2.5 were assessed at an urban site of Tehran, Iran during March to June 2014. The PM2.5 samples were collected using an frmOMNITM Ambient Air Sampler. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to analyze OC and EC. The results showed that PM2.5 ...

BACKGROUND Few risk factors for the childhood leukemia are well established. While a small fraction of cases of childhood leukemia might be partially attributable to some diseases or ionizing radiation exposure, the role of industrial and urban pollution also needs to be assessed. OBJECTIVES To ascertain the possible effect of residential proximity to both industrial and urban areas on childh...

there is a consensus among housing experts and policy makers that there are not enough resources for government alone to address growing urban housing challenges in many developing countries. consequently, a paradigm shift from government provision to partnerships between the public and private sectors is advocated. this study examined the prospects and challenges of public-private partnerships...

this study examined distrbution of household income in khorasan razavi province and the country for urban and rural areas, seprately. using household income and expenditure statistics compiled by the statistical center of iran during 2007-2012 the gini index, tile index, atkinson index and the tenth docile to the first docile were applied.the study findings indicate that during the studied peri...