State-of-the-art mechanisms for oblivious RAM (ORAM) suffer from significant bandwidth overheads (greater than 100x) that impact the throughput and latency of memory accesses. This renders their deployment in high-performance and bandwidth-constrained applications difficult, motivating the design of lowoverhead approaches for memory access obfuscation. We introduce and formalize the notion of a...

This paper proposes MSKT-ORAM, an efficient multiple server ORAM construction, to protect a client’s access pattern to outsourced data. MSKT-ORAM organizes each of the server storage as a k-ary tree and adopts XOR based PIR and a novel delayed eviction technique to optimize both the data query and data eviction process. MSKT-ORAM is proved to protect the data access pattern privacy at a failure...

EDITOR—Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is a developmental disorder characterised by malformations of the radial ray of the forelimb and by congenital heart disease. The syndrome shows a marked variability in phenotype, with radial ray defects ranging from minor thumb abnormality through to severe reduction defect or phocomelia. The cardiac manifestations of HOS are similarly varied, and patients can p...

We present a general construction to reduce the communication cost of recent tree-based ORAMs. Contrary to trees with constant height and path lengths, our new construction r-ORAM provides varying, shorter path lengths. Accessing an element in the ORAM tree will have different communication cost depending on the location of the element. The main idea behind r-ORAM is a recursive ORAM tree struc...

The T-box gene family encodes a large family of transcription factors with more than 20 members identified in humans so far, and homologues in many other organisms. A number of human disorders have been linked to mutations in T-box genes, confirming their medical importance. They include Holt- Oram syndrome/TBX5, Ulnar-Mammary syndrome/TBX3, and more recently DiGeorge syndrome/TBX1, ACTH defici...

Horseshoe lung is an uncommon congenital malformation in which the bases of the right and the left lungs are fused to each other by a narrow isthmus posterior to the cardiac apex (1). There have been 52 case reports in the English literature. Holt-Oram syndrome is characterized by cardiac septation defects and preaxial radial ray abnormalities (2). To our knowledge, it is the first report of ho...

Holt-Oram syndrome is clinically characterized by morphological abnormalities of the upper limbs and congenital cardiac defects. Although the disease is congenital, the diagnosis may only be made later in life. It is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, caused by a mutation in the TBX5 gene located on chromosome 12, but sporadic cases have also been reported. We describe the case of a 75-year-ol...