OBJECTIVE We evaluated the optimal dose of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan cilexetil for renoprotection as reflected by short-term changes in albuminuria in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 23 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy were enrolled in this double-blind randomized cross-over trial...

Measles was eliminated in the Americas in 2002 by a combination of routine immunizations and supplementary immunization activities. Recent outbreaks underscore the importance of reconsidering vaccine policy in order to maintain elimination. We constructed an age-structured dynamical model for the distribution of immunity in a population with routine immunization and without disease, and analyse...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Same-day bidirectional endoscopy (BDE) is a commonly performed procedure, but the optimal sequence of the procedure with carbon dioxide insufflation is not well established. In this study, we investigated the optimal sequence for same-day BDE without polypectomy under moderate sedation and carbon dioxide insufflation in terms of sedation doses and colonoscopy performance. PATI...

days after leukemic inoculation (i.p.), the animals were treated with MTX (i.p.) on a series of dose schedules. In each experiment, a number of geometrically spaced doses of MTX were used at the first treatment, and each was followed by various geometrically spaced levels of regularly scheduled MTX. For each of the schedules used, the optimal treatment consisted of a relatively high priming dos...

Aminoglycosides are experiencing a resurgence in use because of the spread of multiresistant Gram-negative pathogens. Use of these agents is attended by the occurrence of nephrotoxicity. Aminoglycoside optimization of dose can be defined as the dose having the highest likelihood of a good outcome and the lowest likelihood of toxicity. We have defined the metric Δ as the difference between the l...

Patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and comorbid Substance Use Disorders (SUD) are increasingly being treated with central stimulant medication despite limited evidence for its effectiveness. Lack of longitudinal follow-up studies of dosing and adverse effects has resulted in conflicting treatment guidelines. This study aims to explore whether individuals with ADHD and...

The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal dose and optimal target volume for marginal zone lymphoma of the ocular adnexa. Between January, 2008 and December, 2013, 40 patients with histologically proven primary marginal zone lymphoma of the ocular adnexa who underwent radiotherapy at the Tokyo Medical University were evaluated. The prescribed dose was 30 Gy in 15 fractions to th...

Mycobacterium aviumcomplex is now the leading mycobacterial cause of chronic pneumonia in the United States. Macrolides and ethambutol form the backbone of the regimen used in the treatment of pulmonary disease. However, therapy outcomes remain poor, with microbial cure rates of 4% in cavitary disease. The treatment dose of azithromycin has mostly been borrowed from that used to treat other bac...

Enchanced therapeutic effectiveness has been demonstrated by combining methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of murine leukemia L1210. Optimal combinations of the 2 drugs consistently showed greater antileukemic activity than optimal treatment with each drug by itself. The treatment schedules resulting in this enhanced activity were characterized by rela tively low and therapeuticall...