introduction: the human skin is an active medium from the optical point of view. therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques employing light are increasing. current optical techniques are based on the measurement of the intensity of reflected absorbed or backscattered light from or within skin. studies have shown that biological tissues, and in particular skin, demonstrate polarization...

society is growing increasingly dependent upon large-scale, highly distributed systems that operate in unbounded open network environments. unless safeguards are incorporated in the system, a failure of even a single component, e.g. a link or a node, can significantly impact the network performance and can cause highly expensive damages. the discipline of survivability attempts to ensure that n...

in the surgical treatment of malignant tumors, it is crucial to characterize the tumor as precisely as possible. the determination of the exact tumor location as well as the analysis of its properties is very important in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis as early as possible. in neurosurgical applications, the optical, non-invasive and in situ techniques allow for the label-free analysis o...

Wavelength-division multiplexing appears to be the solution of choice for providing a faster networking infrastructure that can meet the explosive growth of the Internet. Several different technologies have been developed so far for the transfer of data over WDM. In this article we survey two new technologies which are still in the experimental stage — optical packet switching and optical burst...

In this paper, different kinds of optical performance monitoring (OPM) techniques, in particular the optical signal-tonoise ratio (OSNR) monitoring and chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring, are reviewed. Then recent trend of multipleparameter simultaneous monitoring is examined.

Recently, there have been several proposals on using the higher RF harmonics of detected pulses from mode-locked semiconductor lasers as a source of microwave and millimeter waves. This paper compares the performance of three optical techniques of signal processing that have been proposed to select a higher harmonic of a mode-locked laser, by using extensive numerical simulations. We show that ...