INTRODUCTION There is a multiplicity of treatments currently available for patients with symptomatic refractory urodynamic idiopathic detrusor overactivity (SRU IDO). We have assessed patient treatment preferences and their outcomes over a 12-month period from January 1 2009 to December 31 2009. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective database of all patients with SRU IDO was reviewed for patien...

Objective: To analyses the clinicians perspective on routine histopathological evaluation of tonsillitis specimens before tonsillectomy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration Study: ENT Department, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi from 1st July 2021 to 30th June 2022. Methodology: One hundred both genders were enrolled 14 questions based proforma was generated...

Primates have co-opted a viral gene to produce an envelope protein that prevents infection by the HERV-T virus and likely contributed to the extinction of this virus.

Background: Ramadan fasting for pregnant women with diabetes remains controversial and underreported. The objective of this study was to determine the glycemic control in pregnant diabetic women on insulin who fasted during Ramadan. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out over a period of three years including pregnant diabetic women, who were on short-acting, intermediate-a...