over the two last decades, distribution companies have been aware of the importance of paying attention to the all aspects of a distribution system simultaneously to be successful in the global market. these aspects are the economic, the environmental, the social and the safety aspects. in the vehicle routing problem (vrp) literature, the economic issue has often been used, while the environmen...

Garbage is one of the environmental problems. The process transporting garbage sometimes occurs delays such as congestion and engine failure. Robust optimization model called a robust counterpart open capacitated vehicle routing problem (RCOCVRP) with time windows was formulated to get over this delays. This has limitation capacity an uncertainty waste volume travel time. RCOCVRP solved by heur...

Open Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Dependent Travel Time (OVRPTD) is different from most variants of vehilce routing problems from the liteture in that the vehicle dosen’t return to the depot after serving the last customer and the travle time is time dependent. The travle time is presented by a continuous dynamic network time dependent function. Particle Swarm Optimization with self-adapti...

In this paper we consider a variant of the open vehicle routing problem in which vehicles depart from the depot, visit a set of customers and end their routes at special nodes called driver nodes. A driver node can be the home of the driver or a parking lot where the vehicle will stay overnight. The resulting problem is referred to as the open vehicle routing problem with driver nodes (OVRP-d)....

One of the most important points in a supply chain is customer-driven modeling, which reduces the bullwhip effect in the supply chain, as well as the costs of investment on the inventory and efficient transshipment of the products. Their homogeneity is reflected in the Inventory Routing Problem, which is a combination of distribution and inventory management. This paper expands the classical In...

We address the Open Vehicle Routing Problem (OVRP), a variant of the ‘‘classical’’ (capacitated and distance constrained) Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) in which the vehicles are not required to return to the depot after completing their service. We present a heuristic improvement procedure for OVRP based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP) techniques. Given an initial feasible solution to be po...