mullā ṣadrā has three different approaches towards knowledge by presence concerning the material existences. on many occasions, he regards the physical matters, including bodies and accidents, out of the realm of knowledge by presence and maintains that they are neither present with themselves nor with another reality and nor another reality can be present with them. on another basis, he mainta...

Many of injured children will require surgical treatment with involvement of the anesthesiologist. The anesthesia providers may have to take care of pediatric patients on following occasions: 1- Initial stabilization in the emergency department 2- Providing sedation and monitoring for imaging 3- Preoperative management of emergent surgical procedures such as laparotomy or craniotomy 4- Manageme...

Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage is known on many occasions to result from a blow on the neck rupturing the vertebral artery within the cervical spine. On some occasions, however, no such damage to the artery in the neck can be found to account for the haemorrhage. Some cases are described in which the source of haemorrhage was rupture of the vertebral artery within the skull close to the bas...

the desire and drive for excellence in any endeavor in life requires an effort from the individual; in addition it requires a constellation of features around such individuals that help them to become successful. for surgeons, it is the operating room staff, the administrative and medical assistants and our residents and fellows. however, perhaps the most important contribution to a physician’s...