Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide. Amount of methane emission from energy sector is increasing day by day with various activities. In present work, various sources of methane emission from upstream, middle stream and downstream of oil & gas sectors are identified and categorised as per IPCC-2006 guidelines. Data were collected from various oil & gas ...

The Technical University of Madrid (UPM) and REPSOL YPF are collaborating in the improvement in the estimation of the emiss ion factors for refinery flares. Flaring is an unavoidable process in the refining activity, both for safety reasons during upset processes (start-up, shut down, system blow-down) and when managing the disposal of waste gases with hydrocarbon from routine operations. The o...

The problem of scheduling a fleet of marine vessels for crude oil tanker lightering is addressed. A novel continuous-time mathematical formulation is developed on the basis of the concept of event points proposed in a formulation for short-term scheduling of chemical processes (Ierapetritou, M. G.; Floudas, C. A. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1998, 37, 4341; 1998, 37, 4360. Ierapetritou, M. G.; Hené, T....

In particular, a straw-based Ablative Fast Pyrolysis (AFP) oil was upgraded via hydrotreatment (HDT) in order to be used as blending component with fossil-based intermediates. The raw pyrolysis is characterized by H/C = 0.14, O/C 0.58 and C 57.73 wt%, while the HDT has 0.016 85.85 wt%. Based on density, viscosity composition, association typical refinery, possible petroleum refinery entry point...

Measurements of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been made in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with a view to establishing the concentrations in this major city, and quantifying the contributions of major sources. Particulate and vapour forms have been sampled and analysed separately. The concentrations are compared to measurements from other sites in the Middle Eastern region and are toward...

This paper presents briefly some of the principal results of a mortality analysis of a cohort of workers employed for at least 1 year between 1950 and 1975 at eight oil refineries and approximately 750 distribution centers in the U.K., together with detailed results for kidney cancer and leukemia. Over 99% of the workers were successfully traced. Their mortality was compared with that of all ma...

Statistical experimental designs and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the concentrations of agroindustrial residues as soybean oil (SORR) from refinery, and corn steep liquor (CSL) from corn industry, for tensio-active agent produced by Candida sphaerica UCP 0995. Three 2(2) full factorial design were applied sequentially to investigate the effects of the concentrations an...

background: noise is one of the most important harmful agents in work environment. noise pollution in oil refinery industries is related to workers' health. this study aimed to determine the overall noise pollution of an oil refinery operation and its frequency analysis to determine the control plan for a vent noise in these industries. methods: this experimental study performed in control unit...

background: the adverse effects of noise are well known and noise problems due to industrialization of communities are increasing over the time. oil industries due to the process and nature of production; contain many noise sources such as compressors, turbines, and pumps, which cause excessive noise exposure. the objective of this study was to evaluate the noise characteristics of compressors ...