A seismic fragility assessment methodology is presented for equipment-supporting reinforced concrete and steel buildings that are typically encountered in oil refineries. Using a suite of hazard-consistent ground motions reduced-order models, incremental dynamic analysis performed to obtain the demand structural systems examined. Appropriate drift- floor acceleration-sensitive failure modes con...

The seismic fragility is assessed for typical high-rise stacks encountered in oil refineries, namely process towers, chimneys, and flares. Models of varying complexity were developed the structures interest, attempting to balance computational accuracy regarding structural dynamic strength properties. models utilized along with a set hazard-consistent ground motions evaluating demands through i...

Refineries are highly complex installations and a potential source of major hazards. Due to the large volumes flammable toxic substances present, an accident in refinery may have multidimensional consequences. This includes severe property damages, injuries personnel, releases chemicals causing adverse health effects on nearby residents environment, business interruption losses that lead compan...

Today, the urgent task is synthesis of new nanostructured composite sorbents used for complete utilization various wastes oil and gas refineries, improving technology processes cleaning natural tail exhaust gases from acidic impurities, increasing stability physicochemical properties environmental conditions processing secondary absorbents refineries. Recently, in world industrial enterprises, ...

Some argue that peak conventional oil production is imminent due to physical resource scarcity. We examine the alternative possibility of reduced oil use due to improved efficiency and oil substitution. Our model uses historical relationships to project future demand for (a) transport services, (b) all liquid fuels, and (c) substitution with alternative energy carriers, including electricity. R...

The purpose of this study is to measure the levels quality control for some crude oil products in Iraqi refineries, and how they are close international standards, through application statistical methods refineries. Where answers sample were applied a group refinery employees (Al-Dora refinery, Al-Nasiriyah Al-Basra refinery) on principles management control, according different personal charac...

Unconventional oils mainly heavy oils, extra heavy oils and bitumens represent a significant share of the total oil world reserves. Oil companies have expressed interest in unconventional oil as alternative resources for the energy supply. These resources are composed usually of viscous oils and, for this reason, their use requires additional efforts to guarantee the viability of the oil recove...