The world currently obtains its energy from the fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal. However, the international crisis in the Middle East, rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves as well as climate change have driven the world towards renewable energy sources which are abundant, untapped and environmentally friendly. Malaysia has abundant biomass resources generated from the agricult...

Problem statement: Jatropha curcas is a wonder plant with a variety of applications and enormous economic potentials. Oil from the seeds can be used as alternative fuel and for making biodiesel which aims to overcome energy crisis problems. In this study, extraction of Jatropha oil from seeds was optimized using organic solvent based on the amount of the extracted oil. The kinetics of extractio...

Biodiesel are becoming popular as alternative eco-friendly fuel now days. The petroleum product requirement is going on increasing day by day in India with limited resources in the oil pool. Crisis of petroleum fuel and import of fossil fuel is giving a high impact on the economy and development. Besides the economy and development, fossil fuel also leads to a major problem like global warming ...

Tropical agriculture is expanding rapidly at the expense of forest, driving a global extinction crisis. How to create agricultural landscapes that minimise the clearance of forest and maximise sustainability is thus a key issue. One possibility is protecting natural forest within or adjacent to crop monocultures to harness important ecosystem services provided by biodiversity spill-over that ma...

The post-war Keynesian welfare state in Europe was sustainable as long as post-war European economies were growing and were relatively closed; however, over the years, as entitlements grew ever bigger and coverage became ever more universal, the proportion of GDP spent on public services rose considerably. With economies becoming more open, the stagnation which started in the second half of the...

many studies conclude that the rise in global food prices due to higher demand from the development of biofuels, climate anomalies, and increased of oil prices. not only the food commodity index rose more than 60 percent, nonfood commodity price index also rose over 60 percent and crude oil price index has increased even further above 60 percent. the purpose of this study is to analyze the impa...

From the early 1970s to Global Financial Crisis of 2007–09, U.S. crude oil production followed a declining trend. After Crisis, increased rapidly. This paper addresses important question “what economic factors have driven since Crisis?”. We propose that such as: price oil, one period lagged copper, volatility, Trade Weighted Dollar Index, and high yield index spread, are explanatory variables. ...

E nergy analysts sometimes speak of oil’s “golden era,” that 100-year stretch between 1874 and 1974 when the real price was relatively stable within a range from $10 to $20 per barrel (BP, 2008) in 2007 dollars. Figure 1 shows that in recent decades, that stability has ended. In October 1973, several Arabic members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced that i...

Energy is an inescapable part of today’s society and economy. Accomplishment of every work depends on the sufficient and incessant supply of energy. But the conventional fossil energy sources like oil are ultimately limited. Moreover, the increasing demand and flinching supply of oil has made the sustainable energy supply more vulnerable. So this vulnerability of conventional source of energy c...