All female primates incur energetic costs associated with producing and caring for offspring, but females belonging to the New World primate family Callitrichidae, the marmosets and tamarins, appear to face even further demands. In fact, the energetic demands of rearing callitrichid infants are thought to have led to the evolution of cooperative infant care in these species. If this explanation...

PURPOSE This study aimed firstly to investigate the contribution of maternal 25(OH) vitamin D to the association of maternal education and small-for-gestational-age birth weight (SGA) and secondly to examine whether the contribution of 25(OH) vitamin D differs by overweight, season, and maternal smoking. METHODS Logistic regression analysis was carried out in this study, using data of 2,274 p...

STUDY QUESTION How do gamete donors who presumed they could remain anonymous respond to proposed legislation to retrospectively remove anonymity? SUMMARY ANSWER A little more than half of the donors opposed the recommendation to introduce legislation to remove donor anonymity with retrospective effect. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY An increasing proportion of parents disclose their origins to their...

Objectives Weaning is a key life history milestone for mammals that represents both the end of nutritional investment from perspective mothers and start complete independence infants. The age at weaning may vary depending on ecological, social, demographic factors experienced by mother infant. Bwindi mountain gorillas live in different environmental conditions have longer interbirth intervals t...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether lesbian mothers of 17-year-old adolescents conceived through donor insemination are satisfied with their choice of a known, open-identity, or unknown sperm donor and whether the mothers' satisfaction is associated with psychological health problems in the index adolescent offspring. DESIGN Mixed-method study. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) One hundred twent...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sex ratio of offspring born after blastocyst transfers. DESIGN Retrospective data analysis. SETTING A large assisted reproductive technology center. PATIENT(S) We included 1,284 offspring from 937 deliveries during the period August 2003-August 2005. INTERVENTION(S) Tabulation and statistical analysis of all births resulting from fresh IVF cycles. The sex of re...

BackgroundThere has been little attention paid by researchers on how the mothers’ rape trauma may still affect offspring born of that even in adulthood. This study, therefore, aimed to assess perceived effects being genocidal among adult conceived from against Tutsi 1994. MethodsA purposive sample 32 participants (16 dyads mothers and their offspring) selected nationwide was considered for this...

Mice conceived 6 weeks after paternal exposure to ionizing radiation were fathered by sperm that were Type B spermatogonia at the time of irradiation. Previous studies of these offspring showed that this paternal F0 germ cell irradiation led to decreased embryonic cell proliferation rates, altered enzyme activities, protein levels and whole-body weights. In the present study, we examined four g...

Non-obstructive azoospermia used to be considered an untreatable cause of infertility. By the microinjection technique, however, sperm that has been surgically extracted from the testis can be injected into the oocyte cytoplasm. The injected eggs can be transferred to the uterus or fallopian tubes to initiate a pregnancy. A healthy baby boy conceived by using this method was delivered in Novemb...

STUDY QUESTION What are the demographic characteristics, motivations, preferences and experiences of heterosexual, gay and bisexual sperm donors on a connection website (i.e. a website that facilitates direct contact between donors and recipients of gametes)? SUMMARY ANSWER This demographically diverse group of men was donating for altruistic reasons and perceived the website as providing gre...