We used a simple model of passive dynamic walking, with the addition of active powering on level ground, to study the preferred relationship between speed and step length in humans. We tested several hypothetical metabolic costs, with one component proportional to the mechanical work associated with pushing off with the stance leg at toe-off, and another component associated with several possib...

Behavior of fascicles and tendinous structures of human gastrocnemius medialis (MG) was determined by use of ultrasonography in vivo during jumping. Eight male subjects jumped vertically without countermovement (squat jump, SQJ). Simultaneously, kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography from lower leg muscles were recorded during SQJ. During phase I (-350 to -100 ms before toe-off), muscle-ten...

Advances in imaging technology and computer-assisted design (CAD) have recently enabled the introduction of patient-specific knee implant designs that hold the potential to improve functional performance on the basis of patient-specific geometries, namely a patient-specific sagittal and coronal curvature, as well as enhanced bone preservation. The objective of this study was to investigate the ...

Background:   To introduce our experience of using the free neurovascular flap from great and second toe. Methods:   Thirteen patients (fifteen fingers) sought surgical treatment for soft tissue defects of the hand at our medical institutin between March 2006 and September 2009. In two patients, fibular side skin-nail flaps of great toe were applied to cover the dorsal defect of distal thumb. I...

The aim of this study was to explore whether strike patterns or shoe conditions have significant influence on running impact and plantar pressure. A total of 12 healthy male volunteers were requested to run under shod and barefoot conditions with heel and forefoot strike to complete 3 trials for each condition. Kinetic data were recorded during the experiment. For ground reaction force, shod ru...

[Purpose] This study investigated the association between floating toe and toe grip strength. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 635 Japanese children aged 9-11 years participated in this study. Floating toe was evaluated using footprint images, while toe grip strength was measured using a toe grip dynamometer. All 1,270 feet were classified into a floating toe group and a normal toe group accor...

BACKGROUND Obstacle crossing is impaired in people following stroke. It is not known whether people with stroke who fail an obstacle crossing task have more falls or whether the gait adjustments used to cross an obstacle differ from those used by people who pass the task. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were (1) to identify whether a group of people with stroke who failed an obstacle cro...

Introduction The lesions consist of a bony mass, often in the form of a stalk, produced by progressive endochondral ossification of a growing cartilaginous cap. In contrast to true neoplasms, their growth usually parallels that of the patient and usually ceases when skeletal maturity is reached. Most lesions are found during the period of rapid skeletal growth. Trauma is often a precipitating f...