It is well known that the training level of a muscle belongs to the parameters that affect the H-reflex response amplitude. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of training type on H- and T-reflex response parameters. For this purpose, 20 long-distance athletes (group I, test group), 18 short-distance athletes (group II, test group) and 20 non-trained subjects (group III, contro...

Ocular motor tests performed on 14 patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis were normal. The vestibulo-ocular reflex tested in eight patients showed a significant high level in seven. It is suggested that this phenomenon is secondary rather than the cause of spasmodic torticollis.

Background: The utricular macula is located on the floor of utricle, approximately in plane lateral semicircular canal, and oriented to respond best tilts side-to-side or fore-and-aft translations head. However, details otolith ocular reflex are unknown. Pathophysiology transient direction-changing geotropic positional nystagmus a canalolithiasis canal. principle affected-ear-up 90° maneuver mo...